Jaku Melayu

Jaku Melayu
Jaku Melayu
Bahasa Melayu; بهاس ملايو‎
Sebut	[baˈha.sa məˈla.ju]
Dikena ba	Brunei, Timor Leste, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand Selatan, Pulau Krismas, Pulau Cocos (Keeling)
Bansa	Melayu; Mayuh macham raban bansa ba Indonesia (dikelala enggau nama Jaku Indonesia) ; (see also Malayophones)
Speakers	L1: 82 million (2004–2010)e27; Penyampau (L1 and L2): 200–290 million (2009) (the number including "Indonesian" speakers)
Perugan jaku	Austronesia Melayu-Polinesia Malayik Jaku Melayu; ; ;
Tukuh kelia	Jaku Melayu Lama Jaku Melayu Klasik Jaku Melayu Pra-moden ; ;
Tukuh baku	Jaku Indonesia (ba Indonesia); Jaku Melayu Malaysia (ba Malaysia);
Sistem urup	Latin (urup jaku Melayu); Arab (Urup Jawi); Arabic (Pegon script) (In Indonesia); Urup Thai (ba Thailand); Braille Melayu; Kelia ditulis dalam Urup Pallava, Urup Kawi, Urup Ulu, Urup Rejang;
Tukuh isyarat	Manually Coded Malay
Status resmi
Jaku rasmi ba	Brunei; Indonesia (enggau nama Jaku Indonesia); Malaysia; Singapore; UNESCO (enggau nama Jaku Indonesia);
Diaku jaku; minoriti ba	Indonesia; (beside the national standard of Jaku Indonesia, Local Malay enjoys the status of a regional language in Sumatera and Borneo; Timor Leste (beside Jaku Melayu Dili, Jaku Indonesia used as a working language and a trade language with Indonesia); Thailand (as Jaku Melayu Pattani, Jaku Melayu Syburi, and Bangkok Malay);
Diatur	Language Development and Fostering Agency in Indonesia; Institute of Language and Literature in Malaysia; Language and Literature Bureau in Brunei; Malay Language Council in Singapore; Brunei–Indonesia–Malaysia Language Council – MABBIM (a trilateral joint venture);
Kod jaku
ISO 639-1	ms
ISO 639-2	may (B) ; msa (T)
ISO 639-3	msa – inclusive code; Individual codes:; zlm – Jaku Melayu Standard; ind – Jaku Indonesia; zsm – Jaku Melayu Malaysia; abs – Jaku Melayu Ambon; mbf – Jaku Melayu Baba; pea – Baba Indonesian; mhp – Jaku Melayu Bali; bjn – Jaku Banjar; mfb – Jaku Melayu Bangka; btj – Jaku Melayu Bachan; bew – Jaku Betawi; bve – Jaku Melayu Berau; kxd – Jaku Melayu Brunei; ccm – Jaku Melayu Chetty; coa – Jaku Melayu Kokos; liw – Jaku Chol; goq – Gorap; hji – Haji; jax – Jaku Melayu Jambi; vkk – Jaku Kaur; meo – Jaku Melayu Kedah; mfa – Jaku Melayu Kelantan-Pattani; kvr – Jaku Kerinchi; mqg – Kota Bangun Kutai; mkn – Jaku Melayu Kupang; mfp – Jaku Melayu Makassar; xmm – Jaku Melayu Manado; min – Jaku Minangkabau; mui – Jaku Musi; zmi – Jaku Melayu Negeri Sembilan; max – Jaku Melayu Maluku Utara; pmy – Jaku Melayu Papua; pel – Jaku Pekal; msi – Jaku Melayu Sabah; sci – Jaku Melayu Sri Lanka; pse – Jaku Melayu Barisan Selatan; vkt – Jaku Kutai Tenggarong
Glottolog	nucl1806
Linguasphere	31-MFA-a
	Kandang menua ti bisi ngena jaku Melayu: Indonesia Malaysia Singapura enggau Brunei, ke alai Jaku Melayu Standard nyadi jaku rasmi Timor Leste, ke alai jaku Indonesia nyadi jaku kereja Thailand Selatan enggau Pulau Kokos, ke alai bansa jaku Melayu bukai dikena

Seiku orang ti bejaku ngena jaku Indonesia

Seiku orang benung bejaku varian jaku Melayu ba Langkawi

Siku bujang bejaku Melayu Kedah

Jaku Melayu (Jaku Melayu: Bahasa Melayu, Jawi: بهاس ملايو‎) nya siti ari jaku raban Austronesia ti dikena enggau resmi ba Brunei, Malaysia enggau Singapura enggau dipejaku enggau sekeda endur ba Thailand. Jaku tu bisi pemayuh 30 juta orang ti landik bejaku. Enti dipegulai enggau Jaku Indonesia, jaku tu ngembuan 290 juta orang pejaku ba serata Asia Tenggara Maritim.^[7]^[8]

Jaku tu plurosentrik enggau siti jaku makro, iya nya, beberapa bansa iya distandard nyadi jaku nasional (bahasa kebangsaan tauka bahasa nasional) sekeda menua enggau bemacham nama resmi: ba Malaysia, jaku tu kala dikumbai Bahasa Malaysia ("Jaku Malaysia") sereta leka jaku Bahasa Melayu ("jaku Melayu") dikena diatu ba Malaysia lalu pia mega Brunei enggau Singapura; ba Indonesia, siti bansa normatif autonomi ti dikumbai Bahasa Indonesia ("jaku Indonesia") dikena nyadi bahasa persatuan/pemersatu ("jaku penyerakup" tauka lingua franca) lalu leka jaku "Melayu" (bahasa Melayu) disekat dalam menua ngagai bansa vernakular asal Melayu ngagai kandang menua Tengah ngagai Selatan Sumatera enggau Kalimantan Barat.^[9]^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Jaku Melayu Klasik nyadi standard litericha Kesultanan Melaka enggau Johor sebedau kolonial lalu nya alai jaku nya kekadang dikumbai Melaka, Johor tauka Melayu Riau (tauka mayuh macham kombinasyen nama nya) dikena mida iya ari mayuh macham jaku Melayu bukai. jaku. Nitihka Ethnologue 16, beberapa bansa jaku Melayu ti dirintaika sida diatu nyadi jaku kediri nyengkaum bansa jaku Orang Asli ari jaku Melayu Semenanjung, balat bendar bekaul enggau jaku Melayu Standard nyentukka sida tau nyadika bukti dialek. Bisi mega beberapa jaku dagang enggau jaku kreol Melayu (e.g. jaku Melayu Ambon) bepelasarka lingua franca ti datai ari jaku Melayu Klasik sereta mega jaku Melayu Makassar, ti dipeda baka jaku ti bechampur.

Asal penatai

Bala pakar jaku sejarah Melayu setuju enggau pelaba menua asal jaku-jaku Melayik bisi ba barat Borneo.^[12] Siti tukuh ti dikelala enggau nama jaku Proto-Melayik udah dikena di Borneo pemadu mimit dalam taun 1000 SK, iya udah dipeda nyadi jaku aki ini semua jaku-jaku Melayik ti nangkanka nya. Aki ini iya, Proto-Malayo-Polinesia, peturun jaku Proto-Austronesia, berengkah pechah enda kurang ari taun 2000 SK, nyangka asil ari pengerembai bansa Austronesia ke selatan ngagai Asia Tenggara Maritim ari pulau Taiwan.^[13]

Nota

↑ Since the standardized varieties of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore are structurally largely identical and mostly differ in lexicon and to a lesser degree in phonetic details, the umbrella terms "Malay/Indonesian"^[10] or "Malay-Indonesian"^[11] are often used in the linguistic literature when discussing the structure or history of the language.

Kereban sanding

↑ Uli, Kozok (10 March 2012). "How many people speak Indonesian". University of Hawaii at Manoa. Retrieved 20 October 2012. James T. Collins (Bahasa Sanskerta dan Bahasa Melayu, Jakarta: KPG 2009) gives a conservative estimate of approximately 200 million, and a maximum estimate of 250 million speakers of Malay (Collins 2009, p. 17).
↑ "Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards". The Star. 26 August 2008. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012.
↑ Dahlan, H. Abdullah Zaini. Kitabati, Practical Methods for Learning to Read & Write Pegon (Kitabati, Metode Praktis Belajar Membaca & Menulis Pegon). Zaini Press. Accessed April 19, 2023. https://ia903106.us.archive.org/22/items/etaoin/Kitabati.pdf.
↑ The abstract of this journal article is written in Indonesian language (Bahasa Indonesia), in Latin and in Pegon: Estuningtiyas, R. (2021). Rijal Dakwah: KH. Abdullah Syafi’ie (1910-1985). The International Journal of Pegon : Islam Nusantara Civilization, 5(01), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.51925/inc.v5i01.45
↑ "Recognition of Bahasa Indonesia as an official language of the General Conference of UNESCO". unesco.org / document no. 42 C/28 (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2023-11-20.
↑ "East Timor Languages". www.easttimorgovernment.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
↑ 10 million in Malaysia as either "Malay" or "Malaysian", 5 million in Indonesia as "Malay" plus 260 million as "Indonesian", etc.
↑ Wardhana, Dian Eka Chandra (2021). "Indonesian as the Language of ASEAN During the New Life Behavior Change 2021". Journal of Social Work and Science Education. 1 (3): 266–280. doi:10.52690/jswse.v1i3.114. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
↑ Asmah Haji Omar (1992). "Malay as a pluricentric language". In Clyne, Michael J. (ed.). Malay as a pluricentric language Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyte. pp. 403–4. ISBN 3-11-012855-1.
↑ Blust, Robert (2013). The Austronesian Languages (revised ed.). Australian National University. hdl:1885/10191. ISBN 978-1-922185-07-5.
↑ Tadmor, Uri (2009). "Malay-Indonesian". In Bernard Comrie (ed.). The World's Major Languages (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 791–818.
↑ Adelaar (2004)
↑ Andaya, Leonard Y. (2001). "The Search for the 'Origins' of Melayu" (PDF). Journal of Southeast Asian Studies (in Inggeris). 32 (3): 315–330. doi:10.1017/S0022463401000169. S2CID 62886471.

[12] Since the standardized varieties of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore are structurally largely identical and mostly differ in lexicon and to a lesser degree in phonetic details, the umbrella terms "Malay/Indonesian"^[10] or "Malay-Indonesian"^[11] are often used in the linguistic literature when discussing the structure or history of the language.

[1] Uli, Kozok (10 March 2012). "How many people speak Indonesian". University of Hawaii at Manoa. Retrieved 20 October 2012. James T. Collins (Bahasa Sanskerta dan Bahasa Melayu, Jakarta: KPG 2009) gives a conservative estimate of approximately 200 million, and a maximum estimate of 250 million speakers of Malay (Collins 2009, p. 17).

[2] "Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards". The Star. 26 August 2008. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012.

[Kitabi-3] Dahlan, H. Abdullah Zaini. Kitabati, Practical Methods for Learning to Read & Write Pegon (Kitabati, Metode Praktis Belajar Membaca & Menulis Pegon). Zaini Press. Accessed April 19, 2023. https://ia903106.us.archive.org/22/items/etaoin/Kitabati.pdf.

[4] The abstract of this journal article is written in Indonesian language (Bahasa Indonesia), in Latin and in Pegon: Estuningtiyas, R. (2021). Rijal Dakwah: KH. Abdullah Syafi’ie (1910-1985). The International Journal of Pegon : Islam Nusantara Civilization, 5(01), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.51925/inc.v5i01.45

[UNESCO-5] "Recognition of Bahasa Indonesia as an official language of the General Conference of UNESCO". unesco.org / document no. 42 C/28 (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2023-11-20.

[easttimorgovernment.com-6] "East Timor Languages". www.easttimorgovernment.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2018.

[7] 10 million in Malaysia as either "Malay" or "Malaysian", 5 million in Indonesia as "Malay" plus 260 million as "Indonesian", etc.

[8] Wardhana, Dian Eka Chandra (2021). "Indonesian as the Language of ASEAN During the New Life Behavior Change 2021". Journal of Social Work and Science Education. 1 (3): 266–280. doi:10.52690/jswse.v1i3.114. Retrieved 29 January 2021.

[9] Asmah Haji Omar (1992). "Malay as a pluricentric language". In Clyne, Michael J. (ed.). Malay as a pluricentric language Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyte. pp. 403–4. ISBN 3-11-012855-1.

[Blust-10] Blust, Robert (2013). The Austronesian Languages (revised ed.). Australian National University. hdl:1885/10191. ISBN 978-1-922185-07-5.

[11] Tadmor, Uri (2009). "Malay-Indonesian". In Bernard Comrie (ed.). The World's Major Languages (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 791–818.

[13] Adelaar (2004)

[14] Andaya, Leonard Y. (2001). "The Search for the 'Origins' of Melayu" (PDF). Journal of Southeast Asian Studies (in Inggeris). 32 (3): 315–330. doi:10.1017/S0022463401000169. S2CID 62886471.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[lower-alpha 1]

[12]

[13]

[10]

[11]