Thailand

Perintah Thailand
ราชอาณาจักรไทย (Thai)
*Ratcha-anachak Thai*
Perintah Thailand ราชอาณาจักรไทย (Thai); Ratcha-anachak Thai;
	Menira Emblem
	Anthem: เพลงชาติไทย; Phleng Chat Thai; "Thai National Anthem" Royal anthem: สรรเสริญพระบารมี; Sansoen Phra Barami; "Glorify His Prestige"
	Location of Thailand (green) – in Asia (dark grey & grey); – in ASEAN (dark grey)
Indu menua enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai	Bangkok; 13°48′N 100°33′E / 13.800°N 100.550°E
Official language; and national language	Thai
Spoken languages	Thai, Isan, Lanna, Dambro, Karen, Melayu Pattani, Melayu Bangkok, Teochew, Hokkien
Raban bansa	80% Thai 37% Thai; 25% Lao Thai (Thai Timur Laut); 8% Lanna (Thai Utara); 8% Dambro (Thai Selatan); 2% (Orang Thai Barat); ; 12% Cina Thai; 4% Khmer; 4% Melayu;
Pengarap (2023)	90% Buddha; 5% Islam; 2% Kristian; 1% nadai pengarap; 1% enda dipadah;
Demonim	Thai
Perintah	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Raja	Vajiralongkorn
• Menteri Besai	Anutin Charnvirakul
Aum Kaunsil	National Assembly
• Upper house	Senat
• Lower house	House of Representatives
Penubuh
• Perintah Sukhothai	1238–1438
• Perintah Ayutthaya	1351–1767
• Perintah Thonburi	1767–1782
• Perintah Rattanakosin	6 April 1782
• Monarki bekonstitusyen	24 Jun 1932
• Konstitusyen diatu	6 April 2017
Menua
• Pemesai	513,120 km2 (198,120 bt2) (50th)
• Ai (%)	0.4 (2,230 km2)
Penyampau tubuh
• 2024 estimate	66,041,239 (22nd)
• 2010 census	64,785,909 (21st)
• Pemayuh tubuh	132.1/km2 (342.1/sq mi) (88th)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$1.644 trillion (23rd)
• Per capita	$23,401 (74th)
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$548.890 billion (26th)
• Per capita	$7,812 (88th)
Gini (2021)	35.1; medium
HDI (2022)	0.803; very high · 66th
Mata duit	Baht Thai (฿) (THB)
Zon jam	UTC+7 (ICT)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (BE)
Tisi deriba	left
Kod talipaun	+66
Kod ISO 3166	TH
TLD Internet	.th; .ไทย;

Thailand nya sebengkah ari menua-menua ba Asia Tenggara, ti bepalan ba Semenanjung Indochina. Iya dikelala enggau nama Perintah Thailand, pia mega kala dikelala enggau nama Siam nyentuk taun 1939. Enggau penyampau tubuh urung 66 juta iku, menua tu ngembuan pemesai 513,115 kilometer persegi (198,115 batu persegi). Thailand bekunsi garis entara menua ba barat laut enggau Myanmar, ba timur laut enggau timur enggau Laos, ba tenggara enggau Kemboja, ba selatan enggau Teluk Thailand enggau Malaysia, lalu ba barat daya enggau Tasik Andaman; iya mega bekunsi garis entara menua maritim enggau Vietnam ba tenggara enggau Indonesia enggau India ba barat daya. Bangkok nyadi indu nengeri sereta mengeri pemadu besai.

Asal nama

Thailand dikelala orang luar menua nya enggau nama Siam nyentuk ngagai taun 1939. Nitihka George Cœdès, leka jaku Thai (ไทย) reti iya 'orang periman' dalam jaku Thai, "midaka Thai ari orang asal ti dibungkur enggau nama pengereja pengawa".^[8] Nitihka Chit Phumisak, Thai (ไท) semina mai reti 'orang' tauka 'mensia'; pansik iya nunjukka sekeda menua pesisir ngena leka jaku "Thai" nganti leka jaku Thai ti biasa iya nya khon (คน) ungkup orang.^[9] Nitihka Michel Ferlus, nama etnik Thai-Tai (tauka Thay-Tay) deka berevolusyen ari etymon *k(ə)ri: 'mensia'.^[10]

Orang Thailand suah nyebut menua sida ngena tukuh ti bebasa iya nya prathet Thai (Thai: ประเทศไทย). Sida mega ngena leka jaku ti suah agi mueang Thai (Thai: เมืองไทย) tauka mina Thai; leka jaku mueang, enggau arkaik nunjukka menua mengeri, suah dikena madahka mengeri tauka nengeri ti nyadi pusat pelilih menua. Ratcha Anachak Thai (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย) mai reti 'perintah Thailand' tauka 'perintah Thai'.

Ari asal nama iya, komponen iya: ratcha (Sanskrit: राजन्, rājan, 'raja'), ana- (Pali āṇā 'kuasa', kediri ari leka jaku Sanskrit आज्ञा, ājñā, ke mai reti sama), enggau -chak (ari leka jaku Sanskrit चक्र cakra- 'ruda', lambang kuasa).

Lagu menua Thailand (Thai: เพลงชาติ), ti ditengkebang Luang Saranupraphan maya 1930-an patriotik, nyebut bansa Thai enggau leka jaku prathet Thai (Thai: ประเทศไทย). Taris keterubah dalam lagu menua Thai iya nya: prathet thai ruam lueat nuea chat chuea thai (Thai: ประเทศไทยรวมเลือดเนื้อชาติเชื้อไทย), 'Thailand ditumbuhka enggau darah enggau dagin'.^[11]

Nama kelia Siam engka asal ari leka jaku Sanskrit श्याम (śyāma, 'petang')^[9] tauka Mon ရာမည (rhmañña, 'orang ke enda dikelala'), dipelaba sama akar enggau Shan enggau Assam.^[12] Leka jaku Śyâma dipelaba ukai asal ke bendar, tang penimpang ti udah diperambu dulu ari reti iya ti betul, asal.^[13]^[14] Siti agi teori iya nya nama tu datai ari bansa China ngumbai kandang menua tu ‘Xian’.^[15]

Orang Khmer kelia ngena leka jaku Siam dikena madahka orang ke ngentapka pendiau diri ba barat lebak Sungai Chao Phraya ngelingi mengeri kelia Nakhon Pathom ba tengah menua Thailand kemaya hari tu; iya engka bepun ari nama Petara Krishna, ti mega dikumbai Shyam, baka ke ditulis ba Inskripsyen Wat Sri Chum, ke ditulis ba abad ke-13 K, nyebut pasal Phra Maha Thera Sri Sattha [th] datai deka mulaika Phra Pathommachedi ba mengeri Petara Krishna (Nakhon Pathom) ba jeman keterubah Perintah Sukhothai.^[16]

SPPM Mongkut Rex Siamensium, sain Raja Mongkut

Sain Raja Mongkut (r. 1851–1868) ke dibacha SPPM (Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha) Mongkut Rex Siamensium (Mongkut, Raja Siam). Pengawa ngena nama tu dalam sempekat entarabansa keterubah menua tu meri nama Siam status rasmi, nyentuk 24 Jun 1939 lebuh iya ditukar ngagai Thailand.^[17]

Nota

↑ Officially known in Thai as "Krung Thep Maha Nakhon"

Kereban sanding

↑ "Thailand" Archived 10 Jun 2021 at the Wayback Machine, The World Factbook.
↑ "Global Religion – Religious Beliefs Across the World" (PDF). Ipsos. May 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
↑ "Population statistics of the civil registration (monthly)".
↑ (dalam jaku Thai) National Statistics Office, "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" Archived 12 Julai 2012 at the Wayback Machine. popcensus.nso.go.th.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Thailand)". imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
↑ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
↑ Cœdès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. Trans. Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Phumisak, Chit (1992). ความเป็นมาของคําสยาม ไทย, ลาว และขอม และลักษณะทางสังคมของชื่อชนชาติ: ฉบับสมบูรณ์ เพิ่มเติม ข้อเท็จจริงว่าด้วยชนชาติขอม [Etymology of Siam, Thai, Lao, Khmer] (in Thai). Samnakphim Sayām. ISBN 978-974-85729-9-4. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
↑ Pain, Frédéric (2008). "An Introduction to Thai Ethnonymy: Examples from Shan and Northern Thai". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 128 (4): 641–662. JSTOR 25608449.
↑ Panyasuppakun, Kornrawee (8 August 2017). "Patriotism remixed". Bangkok Post (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2024-06-01.
↑ Barend Jan Terwiel, Chaichuen Khamdaengyodtai, Shan Manuscripts. Franz Steiner, 2003, p. 9.
↑ Eliot, Charles (1921). The Project Gutenberg EBook of Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3 (of 3) [EBook #16847]. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. pp. Ch. xxxvii 1, citing in turn Footnote 189: The name is found on Champan inscriptions of 1050 CE and according to Gerini appears in Ptolemy's Samarade = Sâmaraṭṭha. See Gerini, Ptolemy, p. 170. But Samarade is near Bangkok and there can hardly have been Thais there in Ptolemy's time, and Footnote 190: So too in Central Asia Kustana appears to be a learned distortion of the name Khotan, made to give it a meaning in Sanskrit.
↑ Klikauer, Thomas (2008), Klikauer, Thomas (ed.), "Distorted Communication I: Classifications", Management Communication: Communicative Ethics and Action, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 55–73, doi:10.1057/9780230583238_4, ISBN 978-0-230-58323-8, archived from the original on 28 March 2024, retrieved 2024-01-02
↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Baker 2014
↑ "จารึกวัดศรีชุม" [Wat Sri Chum Inscription] (in Thai). Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
↑ Thailand (Siam) History, CSMngt-Thai. Archived 24 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine

[1] Officially known in Thai as "Krung Thep Maha Nakhon"

[CIA-2] "Thailand" Archived 10 Jun 2021 at the Wayback Machine, The World Factbook.

[3] "Global Religion – Religious Beliefs Across the World" (PDF). Ipsos. May 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.

[4] "Population statistics of the civil registration (monthly)".

[5] (dalam jaku Thai) National Statistics Office, "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" Archived 12 Julai 2012 at the Wayback Machine. popcensus.nso.go.th.

[IMFWEO.TH-6] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Thailand)". imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.

[7] "Gini Index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2021.

[8] "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.

[Coedes_1968-9] Cœdès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. Trans. Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.

[Phumisak_1992-10] 9.0 ^9.1 Phumisak, Chit (1992). ความเป็นมาของคําสยาม ไทย, ลาว และขอม และลักษณะทางสังคมของชื่อชนชาติ: ฉบับสมบูรณ์ เพิ่มเติม ข้อเท็จจริงว่าด้วยชนชาติขอม [Etymology of Siam, Thai, Lao, Khmer] (in Thai). Samnakphim Sayām. ISBN 978-974-85729-9-4. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2021.

[11] Pain, Frédéric (2008). "An Introduction to Thai Ethnonymy: Examples from Shan and Northern Thai". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 128 (4): 641–662. JSTOR 25608449.

[12] Panyasuppakun, Kornrawee (8 August 2017). "Patriotism remixed". Bangkok Post (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2024-06-01.

[13] Barend Jan Terwiel, Chaichuen Khamdaengyodtai, Shan Manuscripts. Franz Steiner, 2003, p. 9.

[14] Eliot, Charles (1921). The Project Gutenberg EBook of Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3 (of 3) [EBook #16847]. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. pp. Ch. xxxvii 1, citing in turn Footnote 189: The name is found on Champan inscriptions of 1050 CE and according to Gerini appears in Ptolemy's Samarade = Sâmaraṭṭha. See Gerini, Ptolemy, p. 170. But Samarade is near Bangkok and there can hardly have been Thais there in Ptolemy's time, and Footnote 190: So too in Central Asia Kustana appears to be a learned distortion of the name Khotan, made to give it a meaning in Sanskrit.

[15] Klikauer, Thomas (2008), Klikauer, Thomas (ed.), "Distorted Communication I: Classifications", Management Communication: Communicative Ethics and Action, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 55–73, doi:10.1057/9780230583238_4, ISBN 978-0-230-58323-8, archived from the original on 28 March 2024, retrieved 2024-01-02

[Baker_2014-16] Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Baker 2014

[sac-17] "จารึกวัดศรีชุม" [Wat Sri Chum Inscription] (in Thai). Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.

[18] Thailand (Siam) History, CSMngt-Thai. Archived 24 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine

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