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Israel
מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל (Hebrew)
دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل (Arab)
The flag of Israel – Star of David centred between two horizontal stripes of a Tallit (a Jewish prayer shawl)
Menira
Menorah surrounded by an olive branch on either side
Emblem
Anthem: הַתִּקְוָה (Hatīkvāh; "Pengadang")
Israel enggau garis entara menua ti dikelala entarabansa diayanka ngena gadung tuai; Kandang menua dipegai Israel diayanka ngena gadung terang
Indu menua
enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai
Jerusalem
(kelala betaka)[fn 1][fn 2]
31°47′N 35°13′E / 31.783°N 35.217°E / 31.783; 35.217
Jaku RasmiHebrew[8]
Jaku dikelalaArab[fn 3]
Raban bansa
(2023)[12]
Pengarap
(2016)[13]
  • 18.1% Islam
  • 1.9% Kristian
  • 1.6% Druze
  • 4.8% others
PerintahRepublik beparlimen beserakup
• Presiden
Isaac Herzog
Benjamin Netanyahu
Amir Ohana
Uzi Vogelman (acting)
Aum KaunsilKnesset
Penumbuh
14 Me 1948
11 Me 1949
1958–2018
Menua
• Pemesai
22,072 or 20,770[14][15] km2 (8,522 or 8,019 bt2)[lower-alpha 1] (149th)
• Ai (%)
2.71[16]
Penyampau tubuh
• 2026 estimate
9,900,000[17] (93rd)
• 2008 census
7,412,200[18][fn 4]
• Pemayuh tubuh
[convert: invalid number] (29th)
GDP (PPP)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $552.151 billion[19] (47th)
• Per capita
Increase $55,533[19] (29th)
GDP (nominal)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $530.664 billion[19] (29th)
• Per capita
Increase $53,372[19] (18th)
Gini (2018)34.8[fn 4][20]
sedang
HDI (2022)Increase 0.915[21]
amat tinggi · 25th
Mata duitShekel baru (₪) (ILS)
Zon jamUTC+2:00 (IST)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3:00 (IDT)
Date format
  • יי-חח-שששש (AM)
  • dd-mm-yyyy (CE)
Tisi deribaright
Kod talipaun+972
Kod ISO 3166IL
TLD Internet.il
  1. ↑ 20,770 km2 is Israel within the Green Line. 22,072 km2 includes the occupied Golan Heights (c. 1,200 km2 (460 bt2)) and East Jerusalem (c. 64 km2 (25 bt2)).

Israel (Jaku Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל Yīsrāʾēl; Jaku Arab: إِسْرَائِيل ʾIsrāʾīl) is siti menua ba Asia Barat. Menua tu ngembuan aris enggau menua Lebanon ba utara, menua Siria ba timur laut, menua Jordan ba timur, enggau Tasik Mirah ba selatan, menua Ejip ba barat daya, enggau Tasik Mediterranean ba barat, enggau menua Palestin – the Tebing Barat ba begian timur enggau Jalur Gaza ba barat daya.

Asal nama

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Nama Tanah Israel sereta Purih Israel kelia dikena nujuka Perintah Israel ti disebut dalam Bup Kudus sereta selampur bansa Judah. Nama Israel (Hebrew: Yīsrāʾēl; Gerika Kelia: Ἰσραήλ, Israēl, "El (Petara) neruska/merintah") nujuka apai Jakop ti, nitihka Bup Kudus Hebrew, diberi nama nya pengudah iya mujur begulat enggau Melikat Allah Taala.[22] Artifak arkeologi ti pemadu tumu dikelala bisi nyebut leka jaku Israel nya Merneptah Stele ari Ejip kelia (diberi hari bulan ari pengujung kurun ke-13 SM).[23][24][25][fn 5][27]

Baruh Mandat British (1920–1948), selampur kandang menua nya dikelala enggau nama Palestin.[28][29] Pengudah penumbuh menua Israel ba taun 1948, menua tu ngambi nama Menua Israel sechara formal (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'elⓘ [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel]; Arab: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]) pengudah nama-nama disadang ke bukai nyengkaum Tanah Israel (Eretz Israel), Ever (ari aki ini Eber), Zion, enggau Judea, mega kala disadang tang enda diterima.[30][31] Nama Israel disadang David Ben-Gurion lalu mujur nengah undi 6–3.[32][33]

Sejarah

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Artikel batang: Sejarah Israel

Prasejarah

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Palan prasejarah Ubeidiya di utara Israel nunjukka pemisi mensia kelia urung 1.5 juta taun ke udah.[34] Bukti kedua pemadu tuai mensia beanatomi moden di luar Afrika nya fosil 200,000 taun ari Gua Misliya di Bukit Carmel.[35] Budaya Natufia (c. 10,000 SM) engka bekaul enggau jaku Proto-Afroasiatik[36][37] lalu tebilang ketegal ngentapka pendiau diri ba siti-siti endur sebedau pemungkal pengawa betanam betupi sereta Revolusyen Neolitik.[38]

Nota

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  1. ↑ Recognition by other UN member states: Russia (West Jerusalem),[1] the Czech Republic (West Jerusalem),[2] Honduras,[3] Guatemala,[4] Nauru,[5] and the United States.[6]
  2. ↑ Jerusalem is Israel's largest city if including East Jerusalem, which is widely recognized as occupied territory.[7] If East Jerusalem is not counted, the largest city would be Tel Aviv.
  3. ↑ Arabic has a "special status" as set by the Basic Law of 2018, which allows it to be used by official institutions.[9][10] Prior to that law's passage, Arabic had been an official language alongside Hebrew.[11]
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama oecd
  5. ↑ Nama orang "Israel" ayan tumu agi, ba kereban ari Ebla.[26]

Kereban sanding

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  1. ↑ "Foreign Ministry statement regarding Palestinian-Israeli settlement". mid.ru. 6 April 2017. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  2. ↑ "Czech Republic announces it recognizes West Jerusalem as Israel's capital". The Jerusalem Post. 6 December 2017. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2017. The Czech Republic currently, before the peace between Israel and Palestine is signed, recognizes Jerusalem to be in fact the capital of Israel in the borders of the demarcation line from 1967." The Ministry also said that it would only consider relocating its embassy based on "results of negotiations.
  3. ↑ "Honduras recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital". The Times of Israel. 29 August 2019. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  4. ↑ "Guatemala se suma a EEUU y también trasladará su embajada en Israel a Jerusalén" [Guatemala joins US, will also move embassy to Jerusalem]. Infobae (in Sepanyol). 24 December 2017. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2017. Guatemala's embassy was located in Jerusalem until the 1980s, when it was moved to Tel Aviv.
  5. ↑ "Nauru recognizes J'lem as capital of Israel". Israel National News (in Inggeris). 29 August 2019. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  6. ↑ "Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and Orders U.S. Embassy to Move". The New York Times. 6 December 2017. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  7. ↑ The Legal Status of East Jerusalem (PDF), Norwegian Refugee Council, December 2013, pp. 8, 29, archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021, retrieved 26 October 2021
  8. ↑ "Constitution for Israel". knesset.gov.il. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  9. ↑ "Israel Passes 'National Home' Law, Drawing Ire of Arabs". The New York Times (in Inggeris). 19 July 2018. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  10. ↑ Lubell, Maayan (19 July 2018). "Israel adopts divisive Jewish nation-state law". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  11. ↑ "Arabic in Israel: an official language and a cultural bridge". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 18 December 2016. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  12. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama population_stat2022
  13. ↑ "Israel's Religiously Divided Society". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  14. ↑ "Israel". Central Intelligence Agency. 27 February 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2023 – via CIA.gov.
  15. ↑ "Israel country profile". BBC News. 24 February 2020. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  16. ↑ "Surface water and surface water change". OECD.Stat. OECD. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  17. ↑ i24NEWS (2024-05-09). "Israel nears 10 million population milestone in time for 76th Independence Day". I24news (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ Population Census 2008 (PDF) (Report). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Israel)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  20. ↑ "Income inequality". OECD Data. OECD. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  21. ↑ Human Development Report 2023-24 (Report) (in Inggeris). United Nations. 2024-03-13. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  22. ↑ Geoffrey W. Bromiley (1995). "Israel". International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E–J. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 907. ISBN 978-0-8028-3782-0.
  23. ↑ Barton & Bowden 2004, p. 126. "The Merneptah Stele ... is arguably the oldest evidence outside the Bible for the existence of Israel as early as the 13th century BCE."
  24. ↑ K.L. Noll, Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: A Textbook on History and Religion, A&C Black, 2012, rev.ed. pp. 137ff.
  25. ↑ Thomas L. Thompson, Early History of the Israelite People: From the Written & Archaeological Sources, Brill, 2000 pp. 275–276
  26. ↑ Hasel, Michael G. (1 January 1994). "Israel in the Merneptah Stela". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 296 (296): 45–61. doi:10.2307/1357179. JSTOR 1357179. S2CID 164052192.
    * Bertman, Stephen (14 July 2005). Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518364-1.
    * Meindert Dijkstra (2010). "Origins of Israel between history and ideology". In Becking, Bob; Grabbe, Lester (eds.). Between Evidence and Ideology Essays on the History of Ancient Israel read at the Joint Meeting of the Society for Old Testament Study and the Oud Testamentisch Werkgezelschap Lincoln Nebraska, July 2009. Brill. p. 47. ISBN 978-90-04-18737-5. As a West Semitic personal name it existed long before it became a tribal or a geographical name. This is not without significance, though is it rarely mentioned. We learn of a maryanu named ysr"il (*Yi¡sr—a"ilu) from Ugarit living in the same period, but the name was already used a thousand years before in Ebla. The word Israel originated as a West Semitic personal name. One of the many names that developed into the name of the ancestor of a clan, of a tribe and finally of a people and a nation.
  27. ↑ Lemche, Niels Peter (1998). [[[:Templat:Google books]] The Israelites in History and Tradition]. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-664-22727-2. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)
  28. ↑ Noah Rayman (29 September 2014). "Mandatory Palestine: What It Was and Why It Matters". Time. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
  29. ↑ "The Avalon Project : The Palestine Mandate". avalon.law.yale.edu. Retrieved 5 October 2025.
  30. ↑ "Popular Opinion". The Palestine Post. 7 December 1947. p. 1. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012.
  31. ↑ Israel: The First Decade of Independence. State University of New York Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-7914-2260-1.
  32. ↑ Elli Wohlgelernter (30 April 1998). "One Day that Shook the world". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012.
  33. ↑ Forman, Jacob (17 April 2023). "Jewish Word | Israel: What's in a Name?". Moment Magazine (in Inggeris AS). Retrieved 5 October 2025.
  34. ↑ Tchernov, Eitan (1988). "The Age of 'Ubeidiya Formation (Jordan Valley, Israel) and the Earliest Hominids in the Levant". Paléorient. 14 (2): 63–65. doi:10.3406/paleo.1988.4455.
  35. ↑ Wade, Lizzie (10 July 2019). "Skull fragment from Greek cave suggests modern humans were in Europe more than 200,000 years ago". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. doi:10.1126/science.aay6927. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  36. ↑ Winfried Nöth (1994). Origins of Semiosis: Sign Evolution in Nature and Culture. Walter de Gruyter. p. 293. ISBN 978-3-11-087750-2.
  37. ↑ Roger Blench, Matthew Spriggs (2003). Archaeology and Language IV: Language Change and Cultural Transformation. Routledge. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-134-81623-1.
  38. ↑ Hershkovitz, Israel; Gopher, Avi (30 September 2008). "Demographic, Biological and Cultural Aspects of the Neolithic Revolution: A View from the Southern Levant". In Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre; Bar-Yosef, Ofer (eds.). The Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 465. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8539-0_17. ISBN 978-1-4020-8538-3. Retrieved 20 April 2025.
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