Lithuania

Republic of Lithuania
*Lietuvos Respublika* (Lithuanian)
Republic of Lithuania Lietuvos Respublika (Lithuanian)
	Menira Lambang menua
	Anthem: ; Tautiška giesmė; "National Hymn"
	Location of Lithuania (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey); – in the European Union (green) – [Legend]
Indu menua enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai	Vilnius; 54°41′N 25°19′E / 54.683°N 25.317°E
Jaku resmi	Lithuanian
Raban bansa (2024)	82.6% Lithuanians; 6.3% Poles; 5.0% Russians; 2.1% Belarusians; 1.7% Ukrainians; 2.3% others;
Pengarap (2021)	79.4% Christianity 74.2% Catholicism; 5.2% other Christian; ; 6.1% no religion; 0.8% others; 13.7% no answer; ;
Demonim	Lithuanian
Perintah	Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President	Gitanas Nausėda
• Prime Minister	Ingrida Šimonytė
• Seimas Speaker	Viktorija Čmilytė-Nielsen
Dewan Undangan Negeri	Seimas
Formation
• First mentioned	9 March 1009
• Grand Duchy	1236
• Coronation of Mindaugas	6 July 1253
• Union with Poland	2 February 1386
• Commonwealth created	1 July 1569
• Partitioned	24 October 1795
• Independence reinstated	16 February 1918
• Independence restored	11 March 1990
Menua
• Pemesai	65,300 km2 (25,200 bt2) (121st)
• Ai (%)	1.98 (2015)
Penyampau tubuh
• 2024 estimate	2,885,891 (135th)
• Pemayuh tubuh	44/km2 (114.0/sq mi) (138th)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$144.585 billion (88th)
• Per capita	$50,600 (39th)
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$81.170 billion (78th)
• Per capita	$28,407 (40th)
Gini (2022)	36.2; medium
HDI (2022)	0.879; very high · 37th
Mata duit	Euro (€) (EUR)
Zon jam	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Kod talipaun	+370
Kod ISO 3166	LT
TLD Internet	.lt

Lithuania (Templat:Lang-lt), nama resmi iya Republik Lithuania (Templat:Lang-lt), nya sebengkah menua ke bepalan ba kandang menua Baltik di benua Eropah.^{[lower-alpha 1]} Iya nyadi siti ari tiga nengeri Baltik lalu ba tebing timur Tasik Baltik. Iya besempadan enggau Latvia ba utara, Belarus ba timur enggau selatan, Poland ba selatan, enggau setengah eksklaf Rusia Kaliningrad Oblast ba barat daya, enggau garis entara menua maritim enggau Sweden ba barat. Lithuania mungkur pemesai 65,300 km² (25,200 bt²), enggau penyampau tubuh 2.88 juta iku. Indu nengeri enggau mengeri ti pemadu besai iya nya Vilnius; mengeri besai bukai iya nya Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai enggau Panevėžys. Orang Lithuania begulai enggau raban etnojaku Balt lalu bejaku Lithuania.

Malin

↑ "Lithuania's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2019" (PDF). Constitute Project. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
↑ "Rodiklių duomenų bazė - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas". osp.stat.gov.lt.
↑ "Population by religious community indicated, municipalities (2021)" (in Lithuania). Statistics Lithuania. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
↑ Kulikauskienė, Lina (2002). Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija [The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania] (in Lithuania). Native History, CD. ISBN 978-9986-9216-7-7.
↑ Veser, Ernst (23 September 1997). "Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept – A New Political System Model" (PDF) (in Inggeris and Cina). Department of Education, School of Education, University of Cologne. pp. 39–60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2017. Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of the power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard he recognizes Duverger's pléiade as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania (1993: 87).
↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. United States: University of California, San Diego. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns". French Politics. 3 (3). Palgrave Macmillan Journals: 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. ISSN 1476-3419. A pattern similar to the French case of compatible majorities alternating with periods of cohabitation emerged in Lithuania, where Talat-Kelpsa (2001) notes that the ability of the Lithuanian president to influence government formation and policy declined abruptly when he lost the sympathetic majority in parliament.
↑ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 2020-10-11.
↑ "Pradžia – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas". osp.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Lithuania)". International Monetary Fund. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
↑ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF) (in Inggeris). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
↑ "United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)-Geographic Regions". Unstats.un.org. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
↑ "Lithuania - EU Vocabularies - Publications Office of the EU". op.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
↑ "Lithuania". Europe Direct Strasbourg. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
↑ European Bank for Reconstruction and Development https://www.ebrd.com/news/2014/lithuania-joins-the-eurozone.html. Retrieved 16 December 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
↑ Lagassé, Paul; Columbia University, eds. (2000). The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-7876-5015-5
↑ "Lithuania". CIA World Factbook. 22 September 2021. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
↑ "Lithuania". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
↑ Bershidsky, Leonid (10 January 2017). "Why the Baltics Want to Move to Another Part of Europe". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.

Nota

Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> wujud untuk kumpulan bernama "lower-alpha", tetapi tiada tag <references group="lower-alpha"/> yang berpadanan disertakan

[1] "Lithuania's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2019" (PDF). Constitute Project. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.

[2] "Rodiklių duomenų bazė - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas". osp.stat.gov.lt.

[religion-stats-3] "Population by religious community indicated, municipalities (2021)" (in Lithuania). Statistics Lithuania. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.

[Lina-4] Kulikauskienė, Lina (2002). Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija [The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania] (in Lithuania). Native History, CD. ISBN 978-9986-9216-7-7.

[5] Veser, Ernst (23 September 1997). "Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept – A New Political System Model" (PDF) (in Inggeris and Cina). Department of Education, School of Education, University of Cologne. pp. 39–60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2017. Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of the power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard he recognizes Duverger's pléiade as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania (1993: 87).

[Draft-6] Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. United States: University of California, San Diego. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2017.

[Dual-7] Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns". French Politics. 3 (3). Palgrave Macmillan Journals: 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. ISSN 1476-3419. A pattern similar to the French case of compatible majorities alternating with periods of cohabitation emerged in Lithuania, where Talat-Kelpsa (2001) notes that the ability of the Lithuanian president to influence government formation and policy declined abruptly when he lost the sympathetic majority in parliament.

[8] "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 2020-10-11.

[9] "Pradžia – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas". osp.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 7 August 2024.

[IMFWEO.LT-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Lithuania)". International Monetary Fund. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.

[eurogini-11] "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2022.

[UNHDR-12] "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF) (in Inggeris). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.

[UN-13] "United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)-Geographic Regions". Unstats.un.org. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.

[14] "Lithuania - EU Vocabularies - Publications Office of the EU". op.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.

[15] "Lithuania". Europe Direct Strasbourg. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.

[16] European Bank for Reconstruction and Development https://www.ebrd.com/news/2014/lithuania-joins-the-eurozone.html. Retrieved 16 December 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[17] Lagassé, Paul; Columbia University, eds. (2000). The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-7876-5015-5

[CIA-18] "Lithuania". CIA World Factbook. 22 September 2021. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[19] "Lithuania". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2017.

[20] Bershidsky, Leonid (10 January 2017). "Why the Baltics Want to Move to Another Part of Europe". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.

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