Lapar Pungkang Besai Ireland
Lapar Pungkang Besai Ireland (Ireland: an Gorta Mór),[1][2] iya nya timpuh lapar pungkang enggau penyakit di Ireland ti nyadi ari taun 1845 nyentukka 1852 ti nyadi krisis sosial besejarah lalu udah nya meri empas ti besai ngagai mensia mayuh enggau sejarah Ireland. Kandang endur ke pemadu balat kena empas iya nya ba bagi menua barat enggau selatan Ireland - ke alai jaku Ireland dominan lalu ketegal nya timpuh nya dikelala kontemporari dalam jaku Irish enggau nama an Drochshaol,[3] ke mai reti "pengidup ti enda manah" lalu disalin terus nyadi "maya ti tusah". Taun ti pemadu balat nyadi ketegal lapar pungkang iya nya taun 1847, ti dikelala enggau nama "Black '47".[4][5] Penyampau tubuh ba Ireland maya sebedau lapar pungkang nya nyadi urung 8.5 juta iku, lalu ba taun 1901 semina 4.4 juta iku aja.[6] Maya Lapar Pungkang nya, urung 1 juta iku orang mati lalu lebih 1 juta iku agi rari ari menua nya,[7] ngujungka penyampau tubuh menua tu nurun 20–25% (ba sekeda mengeri, penyampau tubuh nurun nyentuk ngagai 67%) entara taun 1841 enggau 1871.[8][9] Entara taun 1845 enggau 1855, enda kurang ari 2.1 juta iku orang ninggalka Ireland, kelebih agi ngena kapal paket tang mega ngena kapal stim enggau barque—siti ari pemansut ke pemadu besai ari siti pulau dalam sejarah.[10][11]
Malin
[edit | edit bunsu]- ↑ Kinealy 1994, p. 5.
- ↑ O'Neill 2009, p. 1.
- ↑ [1]Archived 12 Mei 2020 at the Wayback Machine The great famine (An Drochshaol). Dúchas.ie
- ↑ Éamon Ó Cuív, [2]Archived 17 Mei 2020 at the Wayback Machine An Gorta Mór – the impact and legacy of the Great Irish Famine
- ↑ An Fháinleog Archived 18 Ogos 2020 at the Wayback Machine Chapter 6. "drochshaol, while it can mean a hard life, or hard times, also, with a capital letter, has a specific, historic meaning: Bliain an Drochshaoil means The Famine Year, particularly 1847; Aimsir an Drochshaoil means the time of the Great Famine (1847–52)."
- ↑ "Black '47 Ireland's Great Famine and its after-effects - Department of Foreign Affairs". www.dfa.ie. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- ↑ Ross 2002, p. 226.
- ↑ "Census of Ireland 1871 : Part I, Area, Population, and Number of Houses; Occupations, Religion and Education volume I, Province of Leinster". HMSO. 11 March 1872. Retrieved 11 March 2023 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Carolan, Michael. Éireann's Exiles: Reconciling generations of secrets and separations. Archived 30 Januari 2021 at the Wayback Machine 3 April 2020. Accessed 15 January 2021.
- ↑ James S. Donnelly Jr., The Great Irish Potato Famine (Thrupp, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2001) p. 181.
- ↑ Hollett, David. Passage to the New World: packet ships and Irish famine emigrants, 1845–1851. United Kingdom, P.M. Heaton, 1995, p. 103.