Pegi ngagai isi

Tikah sama gender ba Thailand

Ari Wikipedia

Tikah sama gender udah dikemendarka ba menua Thailand kenyau ari 23 Januari 2025.[1][2][3][4] Undang-undang tikah sama gender ke disukung perintah Menteri Besai Srettha Thavisin enggau parti penyakal besai diberi kelala ngagai Dewan Negara dalam bulan November 2023. Undang-undang tu udah dikemendarka Dewan Pengari Rayat enggau 400 undi ngagai 10 kena 27 Mac 2024, lalu dikemendarka Senat enggau undi 130 ngagai 4 kena 18 Jun.[5] Undang-undang nya nerima pemendar diraja ari Raja Vajiralongkorn kena 12 Ogos 2024 lalu dipansutka dalam Gazet Diraja kena 24 September 2024. Undang-undang tu udah berengkah dikena maya 23 Januari 2025, 120 hari pengudah dipansutka.[6][3] Pengawa ngundi nunjukka majoriti ke signifikan rayat Thailand nyukung pengakun undang-undang tikah sama gender.[7][8]

Thailand sebedau tu nadai ngaku sebarang bansa kaul sama gender.[9][10] Undang-undang nya nganti leka jaku “lelaki enggau indu” sereta “laki bini” dalam Kanun Sivil enggau Komersial enggau leka jaku “individu” enggau “kaling”, lalu mega ngemendarka pasang sesama lelaki tauka indu begulai ngambi nembiak nyadi anak.[11] Sebedau tu, sekeda rang undang-undang ungkup kerejasama sivil enggau tikah sama gender udah dibantaika ngagai Parlimen tang enda mujur dikemendarka. Thailand nyadi menua keterubah di Asia Tenggara, kedua di Asia pengudah Taiwan lalu ke-38 di dunya ngaga tikah sama gender nyadi sah.[12][13][14][15][16][17]

Serakup sivil

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Kena bulan Disember 2012, perintah Menteri Besai Yingluck Shinawatra numbuhka komiti kena ngaga perambu undang-undang ti meri pengangkun undang-undang ngagai pasang sama gender dalam tukuh serakup sivil.[18] Kena 8 Februari 2013, Opis Pengelindung Hak enggau Pengelepas Sereta Komiti Pekara Undang-undang, Pengelurus, enggau Hak Asasi Mensia Parlimen udah ngatur pemending penemu rama keterubah iya pasal rang undang-undang serakup sivil, ti diperambu chairman komiti nya, Viroon Phuensaen.[19] Datai ba taun 2014, rang undang-undang nya bisi sukung dua piak, tang tejanggal ketegal penyarut politik di menua nya.[20] Ba setengah taun kedua 2014, media ngeripotka perambu rang undang-undang ke dikumbai Akta Serakup Sivil (Thai: พระราชบัญญัติคู่ชีวิต, Phra Ratcha Banyat Khuchiwit) deka dibantaika ngagai Parlimen Thailand ke dichiri junta. Iya deka meri sekeda hak ngagai pasang sama gender, tang dikritik ketegal nambahka umur minimum ari 17 ngagai 20 taun, lalu ngelengka hak pengambi anak angkat.[21]

Ba taun 2017, pemesai perintah meri timbal ke manah ngagai petisyen ke disain 60,000 iku orang ke minta pengawa ngaga serakup sivil sama gender dikemendarka. Pitikan Sithidej, pengarah besai Opis Pengelindung Hak enggau Pengelepas, ngesahka iya udah nerima petisyen nya lalu “deka ngereja semua utai ti ulih” ngambika petisyen nya dikemendarka enggau naka pengelengkas.[22] Opis Menteri Pengelurus baum kena 4 Mei 2018 dikena ngepunka randau pasal perambu rang undang-undang serakup sivil, ti diberi nama Rang Undang-undang Pengerejista Kaling Idup Sama Gender. Nengah perambu nya, pasang sama gender tentu ulih ngerejista diri nyadi "kaling pengidup" lalu deka diberi sekeda hak tikah.[23][24][25] Rang undang-undang nya dipejuraika ba aum rama entara 12 enggau 16 November, ke alai diripotka 98 peratus responden mantaika sukung ngagai atur nya.[26][27] Perintah ngemendarka rang undang-undang nya kena 25 Disember 2018.[28][29][30] Kena 8 Julai 2020, perintah baru ke ditumbuhka berindik ari pengawa bepilih 2019 ngemendarka perambu baru rang undang-undang nya lalu diberi kelala ngagai Dewan Negara.[31][32] Taja pia, iya enda lalu sebedau ujung taun.

Kena 14 Februari 2023, pelilih menua Dusit Bangkok nyadi bidang kuasa keterubah di menua Thailand ke udah ngeluarka setipikit kaling (Thai: ใบรับการแจ้งชีวิตคู่, bairap kan chaeng chiwit khu) ngagai pasang sama gender. Setipikit nya ukai bekaul enggau undang-undang tang tau nyadika dokumentasyen bepelasarka bukti kaul. Pelilih menua nya mega madahka deka ngena setipikit nya dikena ngaga anggar kasar penyampau pasang sesama gender ba pelilih menua nya ke deka jadi melaki bini.[33][34]

Tikah sama gender

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Latar belakang

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Kena bulan Mei 1928, media Thailand bisi ngeripotka cherita pasal tikah entara dua iku indu di Bangkok. Siku ari kaling nya mati ditimbak sebulan udah nya.[35]

Kena bulan September 2011, Komisyen Hak Asasi Mensia Nasional (NHRC) enggau Rangkaian Pemayuh Seksual merambu siti perambu undang-undang bekaul enggau pengawa tikah sama gender lalu minta Perintah Thailand nyukung pengawa ngaga nya nyadi sah.[36][37] Kena bulan September 2013, Bangkok Post bisi ngeripotka pengawa nguji dalam taun 2011 ari Natee Teerarojjanapong, presiden Gerempung Politik Gay Thailand, deka ngerejista tikah enggau kaling lelaki iya ti udah ditulak.[38] Beberapa iku pasang bukai nguji ngereja utai ti sama dalam kandang beberapa taun udah nya.[39]

Ba taun 2021, Kort Konstitusyen mutuska seksyen 1448 Kanun Sivil enggau Komersial ti meri definisyen tikah semina entara "indu enggau lelaki" nya konstitusyen. Kort nya madahka, pasang sama gender "enda ulih beranak, laban nya ngelaban rampa menua, lalu orang ari komuniti nya nadai bida enggau jelu bukai ke ngembuan ulah tauka fitur fizikal ke nyelai". Pemutus nya madahka orang LGBT nyadi “spesies” ke bebida ke patut diseraraka sereta dipansik laban sida enda ulih nempa “kaul alus” kaul mensia.[40] Teks nya dikritik aktivis LGBT madahka "seksis sereta ngemaruh".[41] Pemutus kot nya madahka:

Tikah iya nya lebuh lelaki enggau indu sanggup diau begulai, nempa kaul melaki bini dikena ngadaka peturun seduai iya, ari baruh moral, tradisyen, pengarap enggau undang-undang tiap-tiap raban bansa. Nya alai, pengawa jadi melaki bini semina diungkupka ngagai lelaki enggau indu aja.

Akta Penyemaka Tikah

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Kena bulan Jun 2020, Sapit Tunyawat Kamolwongwat ari Parti Mansang mantaika rang undang-undang ngaga tikah sama sebaka nyadi sah ngagai Dewan Negara.[42] Pengawa berunding enggau mensia mayuh bekaul enggau rang undang-undang nya udah dilanchar kena 2 Julai 2020.[43][44] Kena bulan Jun 2022, sepasang rang undang-undang gerempung sama sebaka dikemendarka bacha keterubah sida ba Parlimen. Tu nyengkaum Rang Undang-undang Penyemaka Tikah ti diperambu Parti penyakal Mansang, ti deka ngubah Kod Sivil enggau Komersial ngambika nyengkaum pasangan ari sebarang gender, enggau rang undang-undang serakup sivil ti diperambu perintah, ti deka nganti nya meri kelala serakup sivil nyadika kategori kediri, meri sekeda, tang ukai semua, hak diberi ngagai kaling ke udah jadi.[45][46][47] Taja pan bisi beberapa kali ubah, nadai siti pan rang undang-undang nya dikemendarka Parlimen sebedau iya dibuai sebedau pengawa bepilih 2023.

Kena bulan November 2023, Menteri Besai Srettha Thavisin ari Parti Pheu Thai madahka perintah iya udah ngemendarka perambu undang-undang tikah sama gender,[48] ti berengkah dipejuraika Parlimen kena 21 Disember 2023.[49] Kelimpah ari rang undang-undang perintah, tiga versyen tambah ke diperambu Parti Mansang enggau Parti Demokrat diperatika.[50][51] Semua empat iti rang undang-undang nya dikemendarka enggau mayuh undi 369 undi ngagai 10 kena 21 Disember 2023,[52] enggau Dewan Pengari Rayat ngemendarka penumbuh komiti ad-hoc dikena begempungka empat perambu rang undang-undang nya nyadi siti lebih ari 15 hari sebedau debat ke bukai ba taun 2024. Kena 27 Mac 2024, Dewan Pengari Rayat enggau kelalu mayuh ngemendarka perambu undang-undang ti disepadu enggau 400 undi ngelaban 10 ba bacha ketiga, enggau dua iku enda ngundi lalu tiga iku enda ngundi.[53][54] Rang undang-undang nya dikemendarka lebuh bacha keterubah iya ba Senat kena 2 April nengah undi 147 ngelaban 4.[55][56] Kena 29 Mei, chairman komiti ad-hoc nya madahka, Senat dipelaba deka ngatur aum parlimen kena 18 Jun dikena ngundi rang undang-undang nya.[57][58] Sehari nya, rang undang-undang nya dikemendarka Senat ba bacha kepenudi enggau nadai ubah, nya alai nadai begunaka pengawa ke bukai ari Dewan Pengari Rayat.[59] Iya nerima pemendar diraja ari Raja Vajiralongkorn kena 12 Ogos 2024 lalu dipansutka dalam Gazet Diraja kena 24 September 2024. Undang-undang nya berengkah dikena kena 23 Januari 2025.[60][61] Menteri Besai Paetongtarn Shinawatra nyambut manah pengawa mantaika nya ba media rama.[62] Pengawa ngaga Akta Penyemaka Tikah (Thai: พระราชบัญญัติสมรสเท่าเทียม, Phraratchabanyat Somrot Thaothiam) nyadika Thailand nyadi menua keterubah di Asia Tenggara lalu kedua di Asia pengudah Taiwan ngaga pengawa tikah sama gender dikemendarka.

Sebedau undang-undang nya dipejalaika, ketuai Bangkok Pride Ann Chumaporn madahka gerempung nya deka bekerejasama enggau Perintah Metropolitan Bangkok ngatur pengerami tikah bebala mayuh kena 23 Januari 2025,[63] enggau juluk deka ngasuh 1,448 iku pasang sesama lelaki tauka indu ngambi bagi, Akta Penyemaka Tikah. Bala aktivis mega ngansak komuniti ba pelilih menua bukai ngatur pengerami tikah bebala mayuh ke sebaka.[64] Menteri Besai Shinawatra ngangauka sekeda pasangan sama gender ngagai Rumah Perintah ngintu pengawa jadi melaki bini sida, nulis ba Instagram : "23 Januari 2025 deka nyadi hari kitai semua ngaga sejarah begulai, pengerindu semua orang diaku nengah undang-undang enggau basa sereta maruah."[65] Nitihka penerang ari Opis Menteri Dalam Menua, lebih 1,754 iku pasang sesama lelaki tauka indu jadi kaling ba hari keterubah pengawa tikah sama gender nya nyadi sah,[66][67] enggau urung 650 pasang di Bangkok.

Penemu rama

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Siti tanda ti betulis " สมรสเท่าเทียม " (Thai reti iya "tikah ti sama rata"; rambai jaku ti suah nyadi minta tikah sama sebaka nyadi sah di Thailand) ba Bangkok Pride, 2022

Pengawa ngumpul penemu Thailand seruran nyukung pengawa ngaku undang-undang tikah sama gender.[68][69][70] Nitihka pansik YouGov 2019 ke mungkur 1,025 iku responden, 63 peratus rayat Thailand nyukung pengawa ngaga serakup sama gender nyadi sah, enggau 11 peratus mantah lalu 27 peratus lebih rindu enda nyaut. 69 peratus orang ke beumur 18 ngagai 34 taun nyukung serakup sivil, lalu 10 peratus mantah. Pengawa ngaga nya nyadi sah disukung 56 peratus sida ke beumur entara 35 ngagai 54 taun (33 peratus mantah), lalu 55 peratus sida ke beumur 55 taun ke atas (13 peratus mantah). 66 peratus ari sida ke bisi degree universiti nyukung (10 peratus mantah), lalu 57 peratus ari sida ke nadai degree universiti (12 peratus mantah). 68 peratus ari sida ke bepenatai pemisi tinggi nyukung serakup sivil (7 peratus mantah), lalu 55 peratus ari sida ke bepenatai pemisi mit (13 peratus mantah). 68 peratus indu meri saut nyukung (7 peratus mantah), pia mega 57 peratus lelaki (14 peratus mantah).[71]

Nitihka pansik taun 2022 ari Institut Administrasyen Pemansang Nasional (NIDA), 80 peratus rayat Thailand nyukung pengawa tikah sama gender.[72] Pansik ari Palan Pansik Pew Jun–September 2022 mandangka 60 peratus rayat Thailand nyukung pengawa tikah sama gender (24 peratus “kuat” enggau 36 peratus “bisi mimit”), lalu 32 peratus mantah (18 peratus “kuat” enggau 14 peratus “bisi mimit”). Sukung pemadu tinggi ba raban bepengarap Buddha iya nya 68 peratus, tang pemadu baruh ba raban bepengarap Islam iya nya 14 peratus. Tikas sukung tu nyadi kedua pemadu tinggi entara enam bengkah menua Asia Tenggara ke dipansik, di belakang Vietnam enggau 65 peratus, tang dulu ari Kemboja enggau 57 peratus, Singapura enggau 45 peratus, Malaysia enggau 17 peratus, enggau Indonesia enggau 5 peratus. Pansik perintah ke dipejalaika entara 31 Oktober enggau 14 November 2023 mandangka 96.6 peratus mensia mayuh Thailand nyukung rang undang-undang tikah sama sebaka.[73] Penyakal ngagai pengawa tikah sama gender tebal agi ba raban minoriti Islam ke mit di Thailand.[74]

Kereban sanding

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  1. ↑ "ช้ากว่าที่คาด! ศาลยุติธรรม แจ้ง 'สมรสเท่าเทียม' มีผล 23 ม.ค.นี้". theactive.thaipbs.or.th (in Thai). Archived from the original on 3 January 2025. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  2. ↑ "ดีเดย์ จดทะเบียนสมรสเท่าเทียม 23 ม.ค.นี้ มท. ยัน ทั่วประเทศพร้อมบริการ". bangkokbiznews (in Thai). 3 January 2025. Archived from the original on 3 January 2025. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Thailand all set to implement equal marriage registration from Jan 23". nationthailand (in Inggeris AS). 2025-01-22. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  4. ↑ "Couples wed in a riot of colour as Thailand legalises same-sex marriage". BBC News. 23 January 2024. Archived from the original on 23 January 2025. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
  5. ↑ Anuwech, Pirada; Yoon, John (18 June 2024). "Thailand's Legislature Approves Same-Sex Marriage Law". The New York Times (in Inggeris AS). ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 18 June 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  6. ↑ "นับถอยหลังสู่วัน "สมรสเท่าเทียม" กทม. พร้อมให้บริการวันแรก 22 ม.ค. 68". สำนักงานประชาสัมพันธ์ สำนักปลัดกรุงเทพมหานคร (in Thai). Retrieved 2024-12-02.
  7. ↑ Gubbala, Sneha; Miner, William (27 November 2023). "Across Asia, views of same-sex marriage vary widely". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  8. ↑ "Thailand edges closer to legalising same-sex marriage". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
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  10. ↑ Thanthong-Knight, Randy (16 March 2021). "Thailand Has Three Paths to Recognizing Same-Sex Partnerships". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  11. ↑ "Thailand edges closer to legalising same-sex marriage". Reuters. 21 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
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  14. ↑ "Thailand: Promptly Pass Same-Sex Marriage Bill". Human Rights Watch. 27 March 2024. Archived from the original on 18 June 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
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  16. ↑ "Thai media: Thai same-sex marriage bill receives royal endorsement, will officially be first South-east Asian country to recognise LGBT relationships". malaymail.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  17. ↑ "'I'm proud of Thailand': Couples to tie the knot in mass weddings as same-sex marriage become legal". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
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  19. ↑ "Hundreds back civil unions for gay couples". Bangkok Post. 9 February 2013.
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  21. ↑ Mitsunaga, Takato (9 October 2014). "Same-sex marriage may come true under Thai junta". Prachatai English. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  22. ↑ "Thailand to revive gay rights Bill". Today. 2 June 2017. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  23. ↑ Thailand expected to introduce same-sex civil partnerships Archived 23 Julai 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent, 27 April 2018
  24. ↑ Networks, Hornet (30 July 2018). "Thailand Could Actually Beat Taiwan to Legalizing Same-Sex Unions and Benefits". Hornet. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  25. ↑ "Gay union law ready for Cabinet by September". The Nation. 22 July 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  26. ↑ John Reed (26 November 2018). "Thais celebrate the prospect of same-sex unions as a leap forward". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  27. ↑ Braidwood, Ella (6 November 2018). "Thailand could be first country in Asia with same-sex unions". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  28. ↑ Theparat, Chatrudee (25 December 2018). "Cabinet endorses civil partnership bill". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  29. ↑ Sarrubba, Stefania (25 December 2018). "Thailand cabinet approves the first draft of same-sex civil union bill". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  30. ↑ "New rights for gay couples". Bangkok Post. 26 December 2018. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  31. ↑ Bangprapa, Mongkol (8 July 2020). "Cabinet backs bill allowing same-sex unions". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  32. ↑ Thanthong-Knight, Randy (8 July 2020). "Thailand Leads Way in Southeast Asia With Same-Sex Union Bill". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  33. ↑ "Same-sex couples get partnership certificates on Valentine's Day in Bangkok". Pattaya Mail (in Inggeris AS). 15 February 2023. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  34. ↑ "LGBTQ เช็กเอกสารให้พร้อม กรุงเทพฯ เปิดจดแจ้งชีวิตคู่ ผลักดันสมรสเท่าเทียม". Thairath (in Thai). 14 February 2024. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
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  36. ↑ "Commission for marriage rights". Star Observer. 13 September 2011. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  37. ↑ "NHRC will support gay marriage rights". The Nation. 5 September 2011. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  38. ↑ Chaiyot Yongcharoenchai (8 September 2013). "The two faces of Thai tolerance". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  39. ↑ Ratcliffe, Rebecca (23 January 2025). "'I am so proud': Joy as Thailand's same-sex couples can marry at last". The Guardian.
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  51. ↑ "สมรสเท่าเทียม: สำรวจข้อเหมือน-ข้อต่าง ร่างกฎหมายสมรส LGBTQ+ รัฐบาล-ก้าวไกล-ภาคประชาชน" [Penyemaka tikah: mansik penyemaka enggau bida dalam perambu rang undang-undang tikah LGBTQ+, Perintah-Mansang-sektor sivil]. BBC News Thai (in Thai). 21 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  52. ↑ "สภาฯ รับหลักการ "สมรสเท่าเทียม" ทั้ง 4 ฉบับ" [Parlimen ngemendarka semua empat rang undang-undang penyemaka tikah]. Thai PBS (in Thai). Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  53. ↑ "Lawmakers in Thailand overwhelmingly approve a bill to legalize same-sex marriage". Associated Press. 27 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  54. ↑ "Thailand: Lawmakers pass same-sex marriage bill". DW.com. 27 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  55. ↑ "Thailand moves closer to legalising same-sex marriage as bill sails through senate". France 24 (in Inggeris). 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
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  61. ↑ "Thailand to Celebrate Southeast Asia's First Same-Sex Marriages". Bloomberg.com (in Inggeris). 2025-01-22. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  62. ↑ "'Monumental step': Thai king signs same-sex marriage into law, a first in Southeast Asia". France24. 24 September 2024. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  63. ↑ Pitrelli, Monica (2024-11-18). "Thailand legalizing same-sex marriage is likely to bring a flood of tourists". CNBC (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2024-11-18.
  64. ↑ "Mass same-sex weddings in Jan 2025". bangkokpost.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  65. ↑ "Thai PM joins LGBTQ+ couples ahead of first same-sex marriages". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 23 January 2025. Retrieved 2025-01-21.
  66. ↑ "Nearly 2,000 LGBTQ couples wed as Thai same-sex marriage law comes into force". tribune.net.ph. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  67. ↑ "Watch: 'I do', say Thai couples as country legalises same-sex marriage". BBC News. 23 January 2025.
  68. ↑ Limsamarnphun, Nophakhun (24 November 2018). "More rights for same-sex couples". The Nation. Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  69. ↑ Villadiego, Laura (16 September 2018). "Land of lady boys? Thailand is not the LGBTI paradise it appears". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
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  73. ↑ "Thailand edges closer to legalising same-sex marriage". www.businesstimes.com.sg. 21 December 2023. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  74. ↑ Regalado, Francesca (19 June 2024). "Thailand's marriage equality a rare win in Asia's fight for LGBTQ rights". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
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