Temaga
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| Temaga | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaya | Red-orange metallic luster | ||||||||||||||
| Pemerat atom standard Ar°(Cu) | |||||||||||||||
| Temaga dalam jadual bemansa | |||||||||||||||
| Lumur atom (Z) | 29 | ||||||||||||||
| Raban | raban 11 | ||||||||||||||
| Mansa | mansa 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Blok | d-block | ||||||||||||||
| Konfigurasyen elektron | [Ar] 3d10 4s1 | ||||||||||||||
| Elektron tiap pabung | 2, 8, 18, 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Penteba fizikal | |||||||||||||||
| Fasa ba PTS | solid | ||||||||||||||
| Taka lebur | 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F) | ||||||||||||||
| Taka gesak | 2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F) | ||||||||||||||
| Penias (at 20° C) | 8.935 g/cm3 [3] | ||||||||||||||
| (at PTS) | 8,944 g/L | ||||||||||||||
| lebuh chechair (ba t.l.) | 8.02 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
| Pengangat gempung | 13.26 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
| Pengangat pengewap | 300.4 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
| Buat pengangat molar | 24.440 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||
| Buat pengangat tentu | 384.603 J/(kg·K) | ||||||||||||||
Tekan wap
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| Penteba atom | |||||||||||||||
| Gaya oksidisasyen | suah: +2 −2,[4] −1,[5] 0,[6] +1,[7] +3,[7] +4[7] | ||||||||||||||
| Elektronegativiti | Pauling scale: 1.90 | ||||||||||||||
| Energi ionisasyen |
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| Jejari atom | empirical: 128 pm | ||||||||||||||
| Jejari kovalen | 132±4 pm | ||||||||||||||
| Jejari Van der Waals | 140 pm | ||||||||||||||
_NIST_ASD_emission_spectrum.png) | |||||||||||||||
| Penteba bukai | |||||||||||||||
| Penyadi asal | primordial | ||||||||||||||
| Struktur kristal | Templat:Engvar (fcc) (cF4) | ||||||||||||||
| Lattice constant |  | ||||||||||||||
| Thermal expansion | 16.64×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3] | ||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 401 W/(m⋅K) | ||||||||||||||
| Electrical resistivity | 16.78 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[8] | ||||||||||||||
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | −5.46×10−6 cm3/mol[9] | ||||||||||||||
| Young's modulus | 110–128 GPa | ||||||||||||||
| Shear modulus | 48 GPa | ||||||||||||||
| Bulk modulus | 140 GPa | ||||||||||||||
| Pengelaju munyi thin rod | (annealed) 3810 m/s (at p.b.) | ||||||||||||||
| Poisson ratio | 0.34 | ||||||||||||||
| Mohs hardness | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Vickers hardness | 343–369 MPa | ||||||||||||||
| Brinell hardness | 235–878 MPa | ||||||||||||||
| Lumur CAS | 7440-50-8 | ||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
| Pemeri nama | ari jaku Sanskrit, ताम्रक | ||||||||||||||
| Penemu | Timur Tengah (9000 SM) | ||||||||||||||
| Simbol | "Cu": ari jaku Latin cuprum | ||||||||||||||
| Isotop temaga | |||||||||||||||
| Nadai Templat:kutak info isotop temaga | |||||||||||||||
Temaga nya elemen kimia; besimbol Cu (ari jaku Latin cuprum) lalu lumur atom iya 29. Iya logam ti lembut, mudah ditempa, sereta ulih dibingkuk enggau konduktiviti pengangat enggau elektrik ti tinggi amat. Mua temaga tulin ti baru dipeda bisi chura kalas-banda. Tembaga dikena nyadi konduktor pengangat enggau elektrik, nyadi perengka bina, sereta ganti mayuh aloi besi, baka pirak sterling ti dikena dalam barang kemas, kupronikel dikena ngaga perengka marin enggau duit seling, lalu konstantan dikena dalam strain gauge enggau termocouple dikena nyukat pengangat.
Temaga nya siti ari besi asal, reti nya besi ti nyadi sechara semula jadi dalam tukuh besi ti ulih dikena terus, nadai aloi. Tu ngujungka mensia tumu amat ngena ba beberapa pelilih menua, ari c. 8000 SM. Beribu taun udah nya, tu besi keterubah ti dilebur ari igi sulfida, c. 5000 SM; besi keterubah ti ditempa nitihka perengka, c. 4000 SM; enggau besi keterubah ti sengaja dialoi enggau besi bukai, bangkuh, kena ngaga engkeraju, c. 3500 BC.[10]
Kereban sanding
[edit | edit bunsu]- ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Copper". CIAAW. Templat:Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/year-changed.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in Inggeris). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
- ↑ Cu(−2) has been observed as dimeric anions [Cu4]2– in La2Cu2In; see Myung-Hwan Whangbo; Changhoon Lee; Jürgen Köhler (2006). "Transition-Metal Anions in Solids and Their Implications on Bonding". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 45 (44): 7465–7469. doi:10.1002/anie.200602712.
- ↑ Jackson, Ross A.; Evans, Nicholas J.; Babula, Dawid J.; Horsley Downie, Thomas M.; Charman, Rex S. C.; Neale, Samuel E.; Mahon, Mary F.; Liptrot, David J. (2025-01-28). "Nucleophilicity at copper(-I) in a compound with a Cu–Mg bond". Nature Communications. 16 (1): 1101. Bibcode:2025NatCo..16.1101J. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56544-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11775243. PMID 39875432.
- ↑ Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. Bibcode:2013JAChS.135.3792M. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
- ↑ Templat:Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
- ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-03.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
- ↑ Templat:Cite EB15