Pegi ngagai isi

Tebing Barat

Koordinat: 32°00′N 35°21′E / 32.000°N 35.350°E / 32.000; 35.350
Ari Wikipedia
Tebing Barat
Endur Tebing Barat di kandang endur dituntut Palestine
Endur Tebing Barat di kandang endur dituntut Palestine
Status
Jaku ti suah dikenaJaku Arab, Hebrew
Pengarap
Islam, Judah, Kristian, Samaria
Menua
• Pemesai
5,655 km2 (2,183 bt2)
Penyampau tubuh
• 2021 estimate
2,949,246[lower-alpha 2]
• Pemayuh tubuh
522/km2 (1,352.0/sq mi)
Mata duitShekel Israel (ILS)
Dinar Jordan (JOD)
Zon jamUTC+2 (Jam Standard Palestin)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (Jam Musin Angat Palestin)
Kod talipaun+970, +972[6]
Kod ISO 3166PS

Tebing Barat nya tebing barat Sungai Jordan sereta kadang menua ti pemadu besai dalam kandang menua Palestin (ke bukai iya nya Jalur Gaza) ti nirika Menua Palestin. Tu kandang menua ti dikelingi darat semak kadang menua Levan Asia Barat semak pantai Tasik Mediterranean,[7] kandang menua tu bisi batas enggau Jordan sereta Tasik Mati ba sepiak timur sereta Israel (nengah Taris Gadung) ba sepiak selatan, barat enggau utara.[8] Kenyau ari taun 1967, kandang menua nya udah dipegai Israel, ke dianggap enda sah ari baruh undang-undang komuniti entarabansa.[3]

Kandang menua tu keterubah iya pansut berindik ari Perang Arab–Israel 1948 nyadi pelilih menua ke dipegai lalu udah nya dipegai Jordan. Jordan merintah kandang menua nya nyentuk ngagai Perang Enam Hari 1967, lebuh kandang menua nya dipegai Israel. Kenyau ari nya, Israel udah ngatur Tebing Barat (kelimpah ari Jerusalem Timur, ti udah nya dipegai enggau efektif dalam taun 1980) nyadi Kandang Menua Judea enggau Samaria. Jordan terus ngumbai kandang menua nya nyadi enggi iya empu nyentuk ngagai taun 1988. Sempekat Oslo tengan taun 1990-an mechahka Tebing Barat ngagai tiga renggat pelilih menua soverein Palestin, nengah Piak Bekuasa Nasional Palestin (PNA): Kandang Menua A (PNA), Kandang Menua B (PNA enggau Israel) enggau Kandang Menua C (Israel, ti mungkur 60% ari Tebing Barat). PNA bejalaika pengawa pentadbiran sivil sepenuh tauka sebagi ba 165 enklaf Palestin di selampur tiga kandang endur nya.

Tebing Barat mengkang nyadi palan tengah konflik Israel–Palestin. Rayat Palestin ngumbai nya nyadi jantung menua ke nyadi juluk ati sida, begulai enggau Jalur Gaza. Orang Israel ke sayap kanan enggau beideologi meda nya nyadi menua asal aki ini sida, enggau mayuh palan bup kudus. Bisi pengawa meransang sekeda orang Israel ngambika tanah tu diambi sebagi tauka abis. Kelimpah ari nya, iya nyadi palan endur penyampau orang Israel ke diau dia majak nambah.[9] Kandang endur C ngundan 230 palan genturung pendiau Israel ke alai undang-undang Israel dikena. Nengah Sempekat Oslo kandang menua tu tebal agi deka dipindahka ngagai PNA manggai ba taun 1997, tang nya enda nyadi.[10] Komuniti entarabansa ngumbai palan pengentap pendiau Israel di Tebing Barat nya enda sah nitihka undang-undang entarabansa.[11][12][13][14] Belalauka undang-undang taun 1980 ke alai Israel ngumbai Jerusalem nyadi indu nengeri iya, sempekat pengelikun Israel–Jordan 1994, enggau Sempekat Oslo, pemutus jaku lalau taun 2004 ari Kort Pengelurus Antarabansa (ICJ) nyimpulka Tebing Barat nyengkaum Jerusalem Timur mengkang nyadi kandang menua ke dipegai Israel.[15] In 2024 ICJ sekali agi netapka pengawa Israel ke nguasa Tebing Barat nya enda sah, lalu nambah, ulah nya mega ngelanggar tagang entarabansa bekaul enggau pengawa nyerara bansa enggau apartheid.[16]

Tebing Barat ngembuan pemesai tanah urung 5,640 kilometer persegi (2,180 batu persegi). Iya ngembuan penyampau tubuh dipelabaka 2,747,943 iku peranak Palestin enggau lebih 670,000 iku penetap Israel, lalu ari penyampau nya urung 220,000 iku diau di Jerusalem Timur.

Nota

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  1. ↑ Palestin is dikelala 157 kaban Gerempung Bansa Beserakup sereta Panggah Tuchi.
  2. ↑ Urung 670,000 penetap Israel diau di Tebing Barat naka taun 2022; dipelabaka 227,100 penetap Israel diau di Jerusalem Timur naka taun 2019.[5]

Kereban sanding

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  1. ↑ "Ban sends Palestinian application for UN membership to Security Council". United Nations News Centre. 23 September 2011. Archived from the original on 10 October 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  2. ↑ "Mideast accord: the overview; Rabin and Arafat sign accord ending Israel's 27-year hold on Jericho and the Gaza Strip" Archived 9 Disember 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Chris Hedges, The New York Times, 5 May 1994.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "ICJ says Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories is illegal". BBC News (in Inggeris British). 2024-07-19. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
  4. ↑ Roberts, Adam (1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967" (PDF). The American Journal of International Law. 84 (1): 85–86. doi:10.2307/2203016. ISSN 0002-9300. JSTOR 2203016. S2CID 145514740. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-15. The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law. General Assembly resolutions have condemned the deportations since 1969, and have done so by overwhelming majorities in recent years. Likewise, they have consistently deplored the establishment of settlements, and have done so by overwhelming majorities throughout the period (since the end of 1976) of the rapid expansion in their numbers. The Security Council has also been critical of deportations and settlements; and other bodies have viewed them as an obstacle to peace, and illegal under international law... Although East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights have been brought directly under Israeli law, by acts that amount to annexation, both of these areas continue to be viewed by the international community as occupied, and their status as regards the applicability of international rules is in most respects identical to that of the West Bank and Gaza.
  5. ↑ "West Bank". Central Intelligence Agency. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  6. ↑ "About". +972 Magazine (in Inggeris AS). Retrieved 2025-04-16.
  7. ↑ "West Bank", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-09-27, archived from the original on 22 July 2021, retrieved 2022-09-30
  8. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama CIA
  9. ↑ "The A to Z of the Arab-Israeli conflict". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  10. ↑ World Bank 2013, p. vii.
  11. ↑ Roberts, Adam (1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967" (PDF). The American Journal of International Law. 84 (1): 85–86. doi:10.2307/2203016. ISSN 0002-9300. JSTOR 2203016. S2CID 145514740. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-15. The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law. General Assembly resolutions have condemned the deportations since 1969, and have done so by overwhelming majorities in recent years. Likewise, they have consistently deplored the establishment of settlements, and have done so by overwhelming majorities throughout the period (since the end of 1976) of the rapid expansion in their numbers. The Security Council has also been critical of deportations and settlements; and other bodies have viewed them as an obstacle to peace, and illegal under international law... Although East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights have been brought directly under Israeli law, by acts that amount to annexation, both of these areas continue to be viewed by the international community as occupied, and their status as regards the applicability of international rules is in most respects identical to that of the West Bank and Gaza.
  12. ↑ Pertile, Marco (2005). "'Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory': A Missed Opportunity for International Humanitarian Law?". In Conforti, Benedetto; Bravo, Luigi (eds.). The Italian Yearbook of International Law. Vol. 14. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 141. ISBN 978-90-04-15027-0. the establishment of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory has been considered illegal by the international community and by the majority of legal scholars.
  13. ↑ Barak-Erez, Daphne (2006). "Israel: The security barrier—between international law, constitutional law, and domestic judicial review". International Journal of Constitutional Law. 4 (3): 548. doi:10.1093/icon/mol021. The real controversy hovering over all the litigation on the security barrier concerns the fate of the Israeli settlements in the occupied territories. Since 1967, Israel has allowed and even encouraged its citizens to live in the new settlements established in the territories, motivated by religious and national sentiments attached to the history of the Jewish nation in the land of Israel. This policy has also been justified in terms of security interests, taking into consideration the dangerous geographic circumstances of Israel before 1967 (where Israeli areas on the Mediterranean coast were potentially threatened by Jordanian control of the West Bank ridge). The international community, for its part, has viewed this policy as patently illegal, based on the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention that prohibit moving populations to or from territories under occupation.
  14. ↑ Drew, Catriona (1997). "Self-determination and population transfer". In Bowen, Stephen (ed.). Human rights, self-determination and political change in the occupied Palestinian territories. International studies in human rights. Vol. 52. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 151–152. ISBN 978-90-411-0502-8. It can thus clearly be concluded that the transfer of Israeli settlers into the occupied territories violates not only the laws of belligerent occupation but the Palestinian right of self-determination under international law. The question remains, however, whether this is of any practical value. In other words, given the view of the international community that the Israeli settlements are illegal under the law if belligerent occupation, what purpose does it serve to establish that an additional breach of international law has occurred?
  15. ↑ Domb, Fania (2007). International Law and Armed Conflict: Exploring the Faultlines. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 511. ISBN 978-90-04-15428-5. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  16. ↑ "Experts hail ICJ declaration on illegality of Israel's presence in the occupied Palestinian territory as "historic" for Palestinians and international law". OHCHR (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2025-01-04.
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