Republik Sosialis Soviet Estonia
Republik Sosialis Soviet Estonia | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1940–1941, 1944–1990/1991 | |||||||||
.svg) Menira
(1953–1990)  Lambang negeri
(1940–1990) | |||||||||
| Rambai jaku: Kõigi maade proletaarlased, ühinege! (Estonian) "Workers of the world, unite!" | |||||||||
| Anthem: "Lagu Republik Sosialis Soviet Estonia" | |||||||||
 Location of annexed Estonia (red) within the USSR (as of 1956–1991) | |||||||||
| Status | menua patung Serakup Soviet (1940) Kandang menua ti enda diaku ba renggat entarabansa dipegai Serakup Soviet (1940–1941, 1944–1991) | ||||||||
| Indu menua | Tallinn 59°26′09″N 24°44′15″E / 59.4358°N 24.7375°E | ||||||||
| Jaku ti suah dikena | Estonia Rusia | ||||||||
| Pengarap | Menua sekular (de jure) Menua ateisme (de facto) | ||||||||
| Perintah | Menua kominis beserakup (1940–1989) Republik beparlimen beserakup (1989–1991) | ||||||||
| Sekretari Keterubah | |||||||||
• 1940–1941 | Karl Säre | ||||||||
• 1944–1950 | Nikolai Karotamm | ||||||||
• 1950–1978 | Johannes Käbin | ||||||||
• 1978–1988 | Karl Vaino | ||||||||
• 1988–1990 | Vaino Väljas | ||||||||
| Head of state | |||||||||
• 1940–1946 (keterubah) | Johannes Vares | ||||||||
• 1983–1990 (kepenudi) | Arnold Rüütel | ||||||||
| Kepala perintah | |||||||||
• 1940–1941 (keterubah) | Johannes Lauristin | ||||||||
• 1988–1990 (kepenudi) | Indrek Toome | ||||||||
| Aum Kaunsil | Soviet Besai | ||||||||
| Historical era | Perang Dunya II · Perang Semun | ||||||||
| 16 Jun 1940 | |||||||||
• RSS dipadahka | 21 Julai 1940 | ||||||||
• Dirampit ngagai Serakup Soviet | 6 Ogos 1940 | ||||||||
| 1941–1944 | |||||||||
| 1944–1991 | |||||||||
• Pemungkal Revolusyen Belagu | 1988 | ||||||||
• Pengawa nguasa Soviet dipadahka enda sah | 8 Me 1990 | ||||||||
• Pemulai meredeka penuh Republik Estonia | 20 Ogos 1991 | ||||||||
• Meredeka Republik Estonia dikelala RSSS | 6 September 1991 | ||||||||
| Menua | |||||||||
| 1989 | 45,227 km2 (17,462 bt2) | ||||||||
| Penyampau tubuh | |||||||||
• 1989 | 1,565,662 | ||||||||
| Mata duit | Ruble Soviet (SUR) | ||||||||
| Kod talipaun | +7 014 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Kemaya tu bagi ari | Estonia | ||||||||
Republik Sosialis Soviet Estonia (RSS Estonia, RSSE), tauka dikelala enggau nama Estonia Soviet, iya nya subunit administrasyen de facto (republik serakup) ari Serakup Soviet ke suba,[1] ti mungkur kandang menua Estonia ke dipegai sereta dirampit dalam taun 1940–1941.
Iya ditumbuhka enggau nama dikena nganti Republik Estonia ke meredeka nyentuk ke maya nya kena 21 Julai 1940, sebulan pengudah 16–17 Jun 1940 lebuh soldadu Soviet nyerang sereta nguasa menua nya maya Perang Dunya Kedua. Pengudah pemasang perintah Stalinis[2] ti disukung Soldadu Mirah Soviet ti nguasa, madahka Estonia nyadi sitak Soviet, RSS Estonia udah nya dipasukka ngagai Serakup Soviet nyadi republik serakup kena 6 Ogos 1940.[3][4] Estonia dipegai Jereman Nazi ba taun 1941, lalu dipegai nyadi bagi Reichskomisariat Ostland nyentukka iya dipegai baru RSSS dalam taun 1944.
Pengambis mayuh menua dunya[5] enda ngaku pengawa ngemasukka Estonia ngagai Serakup Soviet de jure lalu semina ngaku adminstrasyen Soviet iya de facto tauka enda sekali.[6][7] Sepenyampau menua terus ngaku bala diplomat enggau konsul Estonia ke agi befungsyen atas nama perintah sida ke suba.[8][9] Polisi enda ngaku tu meri pangka ngagai prinsip penerus undang-undang, ti madahka de jure, Estonia mengkang nyadi menua meredeka ti dijajah sepemanjai timpuh 1940–1991.[10]
Kena 16 Nobember 1988, Estonia nyadi menua keterubah ari menua ke dikuasa Soviet maya nya madahka sovereiniti nengeri ari perintah pusat di Moscow.[11] Kena 30 Mach 1990, parlimen ke baru dipilih madahka Republik Estonia udah dijajah enggau chara enda sah kenyau ari taun 1940, lalu enggau rasmi madahka timpuh transisyen dikena mulaika meredeka penuh menua nya.[12] Udah nya, kena 8 Mei 1990, Soviet Besai mutuska pengawa ngena lambang Soviet nyadi lambang nengeri begulai enggau nama Republik Sosialis Soviet Estonia udah ngetu lalu ngambi Republik Estonia nyadi nama rasmi menua nya.[13] Parlimen Estonia madahka pengawa numbuhka baru meredeka penuh kena 20 Ogos 1991. Serakup Soviet enggau rasmi ngaku meredeka Estonia kena 6 September 1991.
Kereban sanding
[edit | edit bunsu]- ↑ Hough, Jerry F (1997). Democratization and revolution in the USSR, 1985–1991. Brookings Institution Press. p. 214. ISBN 0-8157-3749-1.
- ↑ Ronen, Yaël (2011). Transition from Illegal Regimes Under International Law. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-521-19777-9.
- ↑ The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (Postcommunist States and Nations) David J. Smith from Front Matter ISBN 0-415-28580-1
- ↑ Estonia: Identity and Independence: Jean-Jacques Subrenat, David Cousins, Alexander Harding, Richard C. Waterhouse on Page 246. ISBN 90-420-0890-3
- ↑ Mälksoo, Lauri (2003). Illegal annexation and state continuity: the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR. M. Nijhoff Publishers. p. 76. ISBN 978-90-411-2177-6.
incorporation into the Soviet Union in 1940 took place against the will of the population, and was never recognised de jure by most countries
- ↑ Hiden, John; Vahur Made; David J. Smith (2008). The Baltic question during the Cold War. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-415-37100-1.
- ↑ Aust, Anthony (2005). Handbook of International Law. Cambridge University Press. pp. 26. ISBN 0-521-82349-8.
- ↑ Diplomats Without a Country: Baltic Diplomacy, International Law, and the Cold War by James T. McHugh, James S. Pacy, p. 2. ISBN 0-313-31878-6
- ↑ "President of the Republic at the State Dinner hosted by President T. E. Mary McAleese and Dr. Martin McAleese". President. 14 April 2008. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
... we are thankful that Ireland never recognised the illegal annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union after the Second World War. We will never forget John McEvoy, Estonia's honorary consul in Dublin from 1938 to 1960.
- ↑ David James Smith, Estonia: independence and European integration, Routledge, 2001, ISBN 0-415-26728-5, p. xix
- ↑ "Soviet Estonia's legislature declares its 'sovereignty'". Washington Post. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ↑ "Estonia declares transition to independence – UPI Archives" (in Inggeris). What is the UPI website? United Press International. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ↑ "Seadus Eesti sümboolikast". Riigi Teataja (in Estonian). Riigikantselei. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
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Bacha ke silik agi
[edit | edit bunsu]- Jaska, E. (1952). "The Results of Collectivization of Estonian Agriculture". Land Economics. 28 (3): 212–217. doi:10.2307/3159513. ISSN 0023-7639. JSTOR 3159513.
- Kareda, Endel (1949). Estonia in the Soviet Grip: Life and Conditions under Soviet Occupation 1947–1949. London: Boreas.
- Kukk, Mare (1993). Political opposition in Soviet Estonia 1940–1987. Journal of Baltic Studies 24 (4), 369–384.
- Kulu, Hill (2003). Residence and migration in post-war Soviet Estonia: the case of Russian-born Estonians. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 94 (5), 576–588.
- Kurman, George (1977). Literary censorship in general and in Soviet Estonia. Journal of Baltic Studies 8 (1), 3–15.
- Mander, Ülo, Palang, Hannes (1994). Changes of landscape structure in Estonia during the Soviet period. GeoJournal 33 (1), 45–54.
- Mettam, Collin W. and Stephen Wyn Williams (2001). A colonial perspective on population migration in Soviet Estonia. Journal of Baltic Studies 27 (1), 133–150.
- Mettam, Colin W. and Stephen Wyn Williams (1998). Internal colonialism and cultural division of labour in the Soviet Republic of Estonia. Nations and Nationalism 4 (3), 363–388.
- Parming, Tonu (1972). "Population Changes in Estonia, 1935–1970". Population Studies. 26 (1): 53–78. doi:10.2307/2172800. ISSN 0032-4728. JSTOR 2172800. PMID 11630555.
- Parming, Tonu (1980). "Population Processes and the Nationality Issue in the Soviet Baltic". Soviet Studies. 32 (3): 398–414. doi:10.1080/09668138008411309. ISSN 0038-5859. JSTOR 151170.
- Parming, Tõnu and Elmar Järvesoo (eds.). A Case Study of a Soviet Republic: The Estonian SSR. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1978.
- Rebas, Hain (2005). Dependence and opposition. Problems in Soviet Estonian historiography in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Journal of Baltic Studies 36 (4), 423–448.
- Taagepera, Rein (1980). "Soviet Collectivization of Estonian Agriculture: The Deportation Phase". Soviet Studies. 32 (3): 379–397. doi:10.1080/09668138008411308. ISSN 0038-5859. JSTOR 151169.
- Taagepera, Rein. Estonia: Return to Independence. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993. ISBN 0-8133-1703-7.
- Tammaru, Tiit (2002). Universal and Specific Features of Urbanization in Estonia under Socialism: The Empirical Evidence of the Sources of Urban and Rural Population Growth. The Professional Geographer 54 (4), 544–556.
- Virkkunen, Joni (1999). The politics of identity: Ethnicity, minority and nationalism in Soviet Estonia. GeoJournal 48 (2), 83–89.
Laman web ke bukai
[edit | edit bunsu]
Media bekaul enggau Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic ba Wikimedia Commons- The Global Museum on Communism Estonia Exhibit
- Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
- 1 June 2017 5:19 pm, BNS/ERR, Ambassadors to German paper: Baltic states not former Soviet republics
