Republik Chek

Republik Czech
*Česká republika* (Chek)
Republik Czech Česká republika (Chek)
	Menira Coat of arms
	Rambai jaku: Pravda vítězí (Chek); "Truth prevails"
	Anthem: Kde domov můj (Chek); "Alai Rumah Aku";
	Location of the Republik Chek (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark gray); – in the European Union (green) – [Legend]
Indu menua enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai	Praha; 50°05′N 14°28′E / 50.083°N 14.467°E
Jaku rasmi	Czech
Raban bansa	89% Bansa Czech; 3.3% Bansa Moravia; 0.9% Slovak; 0.7% Ukraine; 2.1% ke bukai; 4.0% dua peranak;
Pengarap	56.9% no religion; 11.7% Kristian 9.3% Katolik; 2.4% Kristian ke bukai; ; ; 1.2% ke bukai; 30.1% enda disaut;
Perintah	Unitary parliamentary republic
• Presiden	Petr Pavel
• Menteri Besai	Petr Fiala
Aum Kaunsil	Parlimen
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Establishment
• Duchy of Bohemia	c. 870
• Kingdom of Bohemia	1198
• Czechoslovakia	28 Oktober 1918
• Czech Republic	1 January 1993
Menua
• Pemesai	78,871 km2 (30,452 bt2) (115th)
• Ai (%)	2.16 (as of 2022)
Penyampau tubuh
• Estimate	10,900,555 (85th)
• Census	10,524,167
• Pemayuh tubuh	133/km2 (344.5/sq mi) (91st)
GDP (PPP)	estimate
• Total	$619.881 billion (46th)
• Per capita	$56,686 (38th)
GDP (nominal)	estimate
• Total	$342.992 billion (47th)
• Per capita	$31,365 (38th)
Gini	24.4; baruh
HDI	0.915; amat tinggi · 29th
Mata duit	Czech koruna (CZK)
Zon jam	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	d. m. yyyy
Tisi deriba	right
Kod talipaun	+420
Kod ISO 3166	CZ
TLD Internet	.cz

Republik Chek, mega dikelala enggau nama Chekia,^[11] lalu nitihka sejarah dikelala enggau nama Bohemia,^[12] nya sebengkah menua ti nadai tasik di Eropah Tengah. Menua tu di bekunsi garis entara menua enggau Austria ba selatan, Jerman ba barat, Poland ba timur laut, enggau Slovakia ba tenggara.^[13] Republik Chek ngembuan rampa menua ti bebukit ti ngembuan pemesai 78,871 km persegi (30,452 bt persegi) enggau iklim benua enggau tasik ti tebal agi angat. Indu nengeri enggau mengeri ti pemadu besai iya nya Praha; mengeri besai enggau kandang mengeri bukai nyengkaum Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň enggau Liberec.

Duchy Bohemia ditumbuhka ba ujung abad ke-9 lalu maya nya di baruh pegai Moravia Besai. Iya diaku enggau formal nyadi Estet Imperial Empayar Rome Kudus dalam taun 1002 lalu nyadi sebengkah menua perintah dalam taun 1198.^[14]^[15] Berindik ari Perang Mohács dalam taun 1526, semua Tanah Mahkota Bohemia berinsur disegulaika ngagai monarki Habsburg. Semak seratus taun udah nya, Penyarut Bohemia Protestan ngujungka Perang Tiga Puluh Taun. Pengudah Perang Bukit Burak, raban Habsburg ngenegapka perintah sida. Sepengudah pengererak Empayar Rome Kudus dalam taun 1806, tanah-tanah Mahkota nyadi sebagi ari Empayar Austria.

Maya abad ke-19, menua Chek ngasaika industrialisasyen ti besai. Berindik ari Austria-Hungary runtuh pengudah Perang Dunya I, tebal kandang menua nya nyadi sebagi ari Republik Chekoslovakia Keterubah dalam taun 1918.^[16] Chekoslovakia semina sebengkah menua di Eropah Tengah enggau Timur ti mengkang nyadi demokrasi beparlimen sekumbang timpuh entara perang.^[17] Pengudah Sempekat Munich dalam taun 1938, Jerman Nazi enggau sistematik nguasa tanah Chek. Menua Chekoslovakia dipulaika baru dalam taun 1945 lalu tiga taun udah nya nyadi menua komunis Blok Timur berindik ari pengerampas kuasa dalam taun 1948. Uji deka ngelepaska perintah enggau ekonomi dipuntan ketegal serang ngagai menua nya ti betuaika Soviet maya Angkat Praha dalam taun 1968. Kena bulan November 1989, Revolusyen Beludru mutuska perintah komunis ba menua nya lalu mulaika demokrasi. Kena 31 Disember 1992, Chekoslovakia diserara enggau likun, enggau nengeri-nengeri ke nyadi menua meredeka iya nya Republik Chek enggau Slovakia.

Republik Chek nyadi sebengkah menua republik beparlimen ti begempung sereta menua ti mansang enggau ekonomi makit sosial ti mansang sereta bepenatai pemisi tinggi. Menua tu nyadi sebengkah menua enggau pengelantang pendiau sereta model sosial Eropah, nyaga pengerai universal enggau pelajar universiti tuisyen pechuma. Menua tu ba penuduk lumur 32 dalam Indeks Pemansang Mensia. Republik Chek nyadi kaban Gerempung Bansa Beserakup, NATO, Serakup Eropah, OECD, OSCE, Kaunsil Eropah enggau Raban Visegrád.

Nota

↑ Kod 42 dikunsi enggau Slovakia nyentuk ke 1997.
↑ Pia mega .eu, dikunsi enggau kaban Serakup Eropah.

Kereban sanding

↑ "Czech language". Czech Republic – Official website. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "Národnost". Census 2021 (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
↑ "Náboženská víra". Census 2021 (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 "Land use (as at 31 December)". Public database. Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
↑ "Population of cohesion regions, regions and districts of the Czech Republic, 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 17 May 2024.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Czechia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
↑ "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF) (in Inggeris). United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
↑ Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on a long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic Archived 7 Jun 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Belarusian and Vietnamese since 4 July 2013, see Česko má nové oficiální národnostní menšiny. Vietnamce a Bělorusy Archived 8 Julai 2013 at the Wayback Machine). Article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms ensures the right of the national and ethnic minorities to education and communication with the authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures that a citizen of the Czech Republic who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on a long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, has the right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. If the administrative agency has no employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (Concerning the Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same also applies to members of national minorities in the courts of law.
↑ The Slovak language may be considered an official language in the Czech Republic under certain circumstances, as defined by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz Archived 10 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském ..." (§ 16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) "Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině ..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz
↑ "the Czech Republic". The United Nations Terminology Database. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
↑ Šitler, Jiří (12 July 2016). "From Bohemia to Czechia". Czech Radio. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
↑ "Information about the Czech Republic". Czech Foreign Ministry. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
↑ {{cite web|url=http://www.vlada.cz/assets/udalosti/vystavy/Cesty-ceske-ustavnosti.pdf%7Ctitle=The Path of Czech Constitutionality|last1=Mlsna|first1=Petr|last2=Šlehofer|first2=F.|date=2010|work=1st edition|publisher=Úřad Vlády České Republiky (The Office of the Government of the Czech Republic)|location=Praha|pages=10–11|language=cs, en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234802/http://www.vlada.cz/assets/udalosti/vystavy/Cesty-ceske-ustavnosti.pdf%7Carchive-date=16 January 2013|url-status=live|access-date=31 October 2012|last3=Urban|first3=D.}
↑ Čumlivski, Denko (2012). "800 let Zlaté buly sicilské" (in Czech). National Archives of the Czech Republic (Národní Archiv České Republiky). Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
↑ Dijk, Ruud van; Gray, William Glenn; Savranskaya, Svetlana; Suri, Jeremi; Zhai, Qiang (2013). Encyclopedia of the Cold War. Routledge. p. 76. ISBN 978-1135923112. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
↑ Timothy Garton Ash The Uses of Adversity Granta Books, 1991 ISBN 0-14-014038-7 p. 60

Laman web ke bukai

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Laman web Presiden
Senat
Portal Administrasyen Rama
#VisitChekia – portal rasmi dagang temuai Republik Chek

[9] Kod 42 dikunsi enggau Slovakia nyentuk ke 1997.

[10] Pia mega .eu, dikunsi enggau kaban Serakup Eropah.

[1] "Czech language". Czech Republic – Official website. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011.

[census2021-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "Národnost". Census 2021 (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.

[3] "Náboženská víra". Census 2021 (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2022.

[landuse-4] 4.0 ^4.1 "Land use (as at 31 December)". Public database. Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 11 May 2023.

[5] "Population of cohesion regions, regions and districts of the Czech Republic, 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 17 May 2024.

[IMFWEO.CZ-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Czechia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.

[eurogini-7] "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 4 May 2024.

[UNHDR-8] "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF) (in Inggeris). United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.

[languages-11] Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on a long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic Archived 7 Jun 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Belarusian and Vietnamese since 4 July 2013, see Česko má nové oficiální národnostní menšiny. Vietnamce a Bělorusy Archived 8 Julai 2013 at the Wayback Machine). Article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms ensures the right of the national and ethnic minorities to education and communication with the authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures that a citizen of the Czech Republic who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on a long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, has the right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. If the administrative agency has no employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (Concerning the Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same also applies to members of national minorities in the courts of law.

[12] The Slovak language may be considered an official language in the Czech Republic under certain circumstances, as defined by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz Archived 10 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském ..." (§ 16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) "Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině ..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz

[13] "the Czech Republic". The United Nations Terminology Database. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2023.

[14] Šitler, Jiří (12 July 2016). "From Bohemia to Czechia". Czech Radio. Retrieved 1 June 2021.

[15] "Information about the Czech Republic". Czech Foreign Ministry. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.

[The_Path-16] {{cite web|url=http://www.vlada.cz/assets/udalosti/vystavy/Cesty-ceske-ustavnosti.pdf%7Ctitle=The Path of Czech Constitutionality|last1=Mlsna|first1=Petr|last2=Šlehofer|first2=F.|date=2010|work=1st edition|publisher=Úřad Vlády České Republiky (The Office of the Government of the Czech Republic)|location=Praha|pages=10–11|language=cs, en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234802/http://www.vlada.cz/assets/udalosti/vystavy/Cesty-ceske-ustavnosti.pdf%7Carchive-date=16 January 2013|url-status=live|access-date=31 October 2012|last3=Urban|first3=D.}

[17] Čumlivski, Denko (2012). "800 let Zlaté buly sicilské" (in Czech). National Archives of the Czech Republic (Národní Archiv České Republiky). Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.

[18] Dijk, Ruud van; Gray, William Glenn; Savranskaya, Svetlana; Suri, Jeremi; Zhai, Qiang (2013). Encyclopedia of the Cold War. Routledge. p. 76. ISBN 978-1135923112. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[Ash0-19] Timothy Garton Ash The Uses of Adversity Granta Books, 1991 ISBN 0-14-014038-7 p. 60

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