Pegi ngagai isi

Perang ba Afghanistan (2001–2021)

Ari Wikipedia
Perang ba Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Bagi ari the war on terror and the Afghan conflict
Seven soldiers in beige tactical gear huddle behind a row of green sandbags on a mountainside, pointing rifles in various directions
A U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagle dropping 2000-pound munitions
An Afghan National Army soldier in camouflage gear points a rifle over a dirt wall
British soldiers prepare to board a Chinook twin-rotor helicopter landing on a field
An Afghan National Army soldier stands atop a desert-camouflaged Humvee
Taliban soldiers ride a beige Humvee through the streets of Kabul
Soldiers in green camouflage gear trudge through snow during a snowstorm

Clockwise from top-left:
American troops in a firefight with Taliban insurgents in Kunar Province; An American F-15E Strike Eagle dropping 2000 pound JDAMs on a cave in eastern Afghanistan; an Afghan soldier surveying atop a Humvee; Afghan and American soldiers move through snow in Logar Province; victorious Taliban fighters after securing Kabul; an Afghan soldier surveying a valley in Parwan Province; British troops preparing to board a Chinook during Operation Black Prince
Haribulan7 October 2001 – 30 August 2021
(19 taun, 10 bulan, 3 minggu and 2 hari)
Endur
Afghanistan[lower-alpha 1]
Result Taliban victory[32]
Ubah kandang
menua		 Taliban control over Afghanistan increases compared to pre-intervention territory
Piak ke beperang
Invasion (2001):
 Invasion (2001):

Non-state allies:

ISAF/RS phase (2001–2021):
 ISAF/RS phase (2001–2021):

RS phase (2015–2021):

Templat:Country data Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant ISIL–KP (from 2015)[30]
  • Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (since 2015)[31]
Komander enggau ketuai
List
List
Pengering
ISIL–KP: 3,500–4,000 (2018, in Afghanistan)[52]
Bebadi nyawa enggau pengerugi

Taliban insurgents:
80,000+ killed[67] (2,000+ al-Qaeda fighters)[49]

ISIL–KP:
2,400+ killed[30]
  • Templat:Note label The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of November 2014.[70]
  • Templat:Note label The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of May 2017.[71]

Perang ba Afghanistan nya konflik besenyata ke lama nyadi ari taun 2001 ngagai 2021. Iya berengkah enggau serang ari gempung ke betuaika Amerika Serikat enggau nama Operasyen Pengelepas Belama dikena nimbal serang 11 September ke dipejalaika serakup Taliban enggau al-Qaeda ke bepalan ba Afghanistan. Taliban dibuai ari palan pengentap pendiau ke besai ulih soldadu ke betuaika Amerika ke nyukung Serakup Utara anti-Taliban, lalu enggau nya numbangka Emiriat Islam ke dipegai Taliban. Tiga taun udah nya, Republik Islam ke dipelanja Amerika ditumbuhka, tang maya nya Taliban, betuaika pemungkal Mullah Omar, udah ngatur baru lalu berengkah ngelaban perintah Afghanistan enggau soldadu gempung. Penyarut nya abis bepuluh taun udah nya lebuh serang Taliban 2021 numbuhka baru Emiriat Islam. Tu perang ke pemadu lama dalam sejarah soldadu Amerika Syarikat, ngelui Perang Vietnam enam bulan.

Berindik ari serang 11 September, ke diperambu ketuai al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden, presiden Amerika George W. Bush minta Taliban tekala nya nganjung iya ngagai Amerika Serikat lalu nutup kem al-Qaeda di Afghanistan; Taliban enggai lalu minta bukti penyalah bin Laden sebedau meri awak nyerahka iya ngagai sebengkah menua ke neutral. AS nulak tawar tu lalu neruska serang nya. Pengudah muru Taliban enggau bakih sida, gempung ke betuaika Amerika mengkang di Afghanistan, lalu numbuhka Tim Bantu Pengelikun Antarabansa (ISAF)—ke dikemendarka Gerempung Bansa Beserakup —enggau juluk deka nempa kuasa demokratik baru ba menua nya ke deka nagang Taliban pulai megai kuasa.[72] Administrasyen Enda Lama Afghanistan baru ditumbuhka, lalu pengawa ngaga baru kaul entarabansa dipejalaika.[73] Datai ba taun 2003, Taliban udah ngatur baru lalu ngepunka pengelaban ti ngerembai ngelaban perintah baru Afghanistan enggau soldadu gempung. Bala penyarut ari Taliban enggau raban Islamis bukai bejalaika perang asimetrik, beperang enggau perang gerila ba kandang menua, serang munuh diri ngelaban tagit mengeri, enggau pengawa malas ngagai kolaborator Afghanistan ti diperatika. Datai ba taun 2007, mayuh kandang menua di Afghanistan udah diambi baru Taliban.[74][75] Berindik ari nya, gempung nya nganjung penatai soldadu ti besai ungkup operasyen ngelaban penyarut, enggau strategi "clear and hold" ungkup kampung enggau mengeri; penatai tu manggai ba tikas pemadu tinggi ba taun 2011, lebuh urung 140,000 iku soldadu menua luar benung beoperasyen ari baruh perintah ISAF di serata Afghanistan.[76]

Operasyen belalai Amerika ba menua sepiak Pakistan ngujungka Osama bin Laden dibunuh dalam bulan Mei 2011, lalu bala ketuai NATO berengkah merambu strategi pansut ari Afghanistan.[77][78] Kena 28 Disember 2014, NATO enggau rasmi mutuska operasyen perang ISAF di Afghanistan lalu enggau rasmi mindahka tanggungpengawa pengelikun penuh ngagai perintah Afghanistan. Enda ulih ngemunaska Taliban nengah chara soldadu, raban gempung (lalu kediri, perintah Afghanistan betuaika Ashraf Ghani) nguing ngagai chara diplomasi dikena maduka konflik nya.[79] Pengawa tu ngujungka sempekat Amerika Syarikat–Taliban dalam bulan Februari 2020, ti netapka penyurut semua soldadu AS ari Afghanistan manggai ba taun 2021.[80] Nyadi ganti, Taliban besemaya deka nagang sebarang raban militan ari ngatur serang ari kandang menua Afghanistan alli ngelaban US enggau bakih iya.[81] Taja pia, perintah Afghanistan ukai piak dalam sempekat nya lalu nulak terma iya.[82] Beserimbai enggau penyurut soldadu, Taliban ngepunka serang ti luas sepemanjai musin angat taun 2021, mujur numbuhka baru kuasa sida ba Afghanistan, nyengkaum indu mengeri Kabul kena 15 Ogos. Ba hari ke sama, presiden kepenudi Republik Islam, Ashraf Ghani, tasah ari menua nya; Taliban madahka diri menang lalu perang nya badu enggau formal.[83] Kena 30 Ogos, bilun soldadu Amerika kepenudi bekejang ari Afghanistan, maduka pengawa soldadu ke betuaika Amerika ke lama ba menua nya.[84][85]

Pengambis iya, perang nya munuh urung 176,000–212,000+ iku orang, nyengkaum 46,319 iku orang periman. Kelimpah ari nya, 66,650 iku orang parai dalam Perang ba Pakistan Barat Laut.[86] Seraya lebih ari 5.7. juta iku orang tasah ke suba pulai ke Afghanistan pengudah serang taun 2001,[87] lebuh maya Taliban pulai megai kuasa dalam taun 2021, 2.6 juta iku peranak Afghanistan mengkang nyadi orang tasah,[88] seraya 4 juta iku agi pindah dalam menua.[89][90]

Nota

[edit | edit bunsu]
  1. ↑ Bordering areas of Pakistan were also affected (War in North-West Pakistan), and was considered for some time to be a single theater of operations by the United States (AfPak).
  2. ↑ Per figures released by Canadian Department of National Defence in June 2013, 635 were listed as WIA (wounded in action) while 1,436 were listed as NBI (non-battle injuries).[63]

Kereban sanding

[edit | edit bunsu]
  1. ↑ "Uzbek Militancy in Pakistan's Tribal Region" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  2. ↑ "Inside rebel Pakistan cleric's domain - USATODAY.com". USA Today. 2009-05-01. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009. Retrieved 2023-11-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. ↑ "Top Pakistani militant released". BBC News. 2008-04-21. Archived from the original on 2009-05-22. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  4. ↑ Whitlock, Craig (June 8, 2006). "Al-Zarqawi's Biography". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  5. ↑ Bergen, Peter. " The Osama bin Laden I Know, 2006
  6. ↑ "ISAF's mission in Afghanistan (2001–2014)". NATO. 30 May 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  7. ↑ "Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF). NATO.
  8. ↑ Multiple sources:
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Local Officials Criticized for Silence on Shindand Strike". TOLOnews (in Inggeris). 11 January 2020.
  10. ↑ Raghavan, Sudarsan (December 3, 2015). "CIA runs shadow war with Afghan militia implicated in civilian killings". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  11. ↑ Joscelyn, Thomas; Roggio, Bill (31 July 2015). "The Taliban's new leadership is allied with al Qaeda". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  12. ↑ Hardaha, Rashi (2021-07-24). "Al-Qaeda operates under Taliban protection: UN report". India TV News (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  13. ↑ Nordland, Rod (19 May 2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  14. ↑ "Taliban storm Kunduz city". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  15. ↑ "Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad". The Long War Journal. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  16. ↑ "Who is Lashkar-e-Jhangvi?". Voice of America. 25 October 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  17. ↑ "ISIS 'Outsources' Terror Attacks to the Pakistani Taliban in Afghanistan: U.N. Report". Newsweek. 15 August 2017.
  18. ↑ Multiple sources:
  19. ↑ Jamal, Umair (23 May 2020). "Understanding Pakistan's Take on India-Taliban Talks". The Diplomat.
  20. ↑ Farmer, Ben (26 August 2020). "Pakistan urges Taliban to get on with Afghan government talks". The National.
  21. ↑ Multiple sources:
  22. ↑ Noorzai, Roshan; Sahinkaya, Ezel; Gul Sarwan, Rahim (3 July 2020). "Afghan Lawmakers: Russian Support to Taliban No Secret". Voice of America (in Inggeris).
  23. ↑ "Russian ambassador denies Moscow supporting Taliban". Reuters (in Inggeris). 25 April 2016.
  24. ↑ "Saudis Bankroll Taliban, Even as King Officially Supports Afghan Government". The New York Times. 12 June 2016.
  25. ↑ Ramani, Samuel (7 September 2017). "What's Behind Saudi Arabia's Turn Away From the Taliban?". The Diplomat.
  26. ↑ "Qatar's Dirty Hands". National Review. 3 August 2017.
  27. ↑ "Saudi has evidence Qatar supports Taliban: Envoy". Pajhwok Afghan News. 7 August 2017.
  28. ↑ "China offered Afghan militants bounties to attack US soldiers: reports". Deutsche Welle. 31 December 2020.
  29. ↑ Gittleson, Ben (1 January 2021). "US investigating unconfirmed intel that China offered bounties on American troops". ABC7 San Francisco (in Inggeris). A spokesperson for China's foreign ministry, Wang Wenbin, on Thursday denied the accusation, calling it a 'smear and slander against China' that was 'completely nonsense' and 'fake news'.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Seldin, Jeff (18 November 2017). "Afghan Officials: Islamic State Fighters Finding Sanctuary in Afghanistan". Voice of America. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  31. ↑ "A look at the Islamic State affiliate's rise in Afghanistan". AP News (in Inggeris). 19 August 2019.
  32. ↑ Multiple sources:
  33. ↑ Khan, Tahir (16 May 2021). "Rebel Taliban leader dies of injuries days after attack". Daily Times.
  34. ↑ "Taliban leader Mullah Omar died in a Karachi hospital in 2013, says Afghanistan". The Express Tribune. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Mullah Najibullah: Too Radical for the Taliban". Newsweek. 30 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  36. ↑ "Who Is the New Leader of Islamic State-Khorasan Province?". Lawfare. September 2, 2020.
  37. ↑ Shalizi, Hamid (April 7, 2018). "Afghan air strike kills Islamic State commander". Reuters.
  38. ↑ "ISAF's mission in Afghanistan (2001-2014)". NATO. May 30, 2022. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  39. ↑ "July 30, 2021 Quarterly Report to Congress" (PDF). Sigar. 30 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  40. ↑ "NATO and Afghanistan RSM Placemats Archive". NATO. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  41. ↑ Peters, Heidi (February 22, 2021). "Department of Defense Contractor and Troop Levels in Afghanistan and Iraq: 2007–2020" (PDF) (in Inggeris). United States: Congressional Research Service. CRS Report R44116. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  42. ↑ DuPée, Matthew (January 2018). "Red on Red: Analyzing Afghanistan's Intra-Insurgency Violence". Combating Terrorism Center. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  43. ↑ Mashal, Mujib (December 31, 2018). "C.I.A.'s Afghan Forces Leave a Trail of Abuse and Anger". The New York Times.
  44. ↑ Hollingsworth, Julia. "Who are the Taliban and how did they take control of Afghanistan so swiftly?". CNN. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  45. ↑ Rassler, Don; Brown, Vahid (14 July 2011). "The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qaida" (PDF). Harmony Program. Combating Terrorism Center. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  46. ↑ "Sirajuddin Haqqani dares US to attack N Waziristan". The Express Tribune. Reuters. September 24, 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  47. ↑ Perlez, Jane (14 December 2009). "Rebuffing U.S., Pakistan Balks at Crackdown". The New York Times.
  48. ↑ Gunaratna, Rohan; Woodall, Douglas, eds. (16 January 2015). Afghanistan after the Western Drawdown. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442245068. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 "In Afghanistan, al-Qaeda is working more closely with the Taliban, Pentagon says". The Washington Post. 6 May 2016.
  50. ↑ Roggio, Bill (26 April 2011). "How many al Qaeda operatives are now left in Afghanistan? – Threat Matrix". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  51. ↑ "Al Qaeda in Afghanistan Is Attempting A Comeback". The Huffington Post. 21 October 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  52. ↑ "S/2018/705 - E - S/2018/705 -Desktop". UNDOCS.
  53. ↑ "Exhausted and abandoned: why Afghanistan's army collapsed". The Express Tribune. September 7, 2021.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 "Human and Budgetary Costs to Date of the U.S. War in Afghanistan, 2001–2022". The Costs of War (in Inggeris). August 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
  55. ↑ "Scores Killed in Fresh Kunduz Fighting". Fox News. 26 November 2001. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  56. ↑ Morello, Carol; Loeb, Vernon (6 December 2001). "Friendly fire kills 3 GIs". Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  57. ↑ McCarthy, Terry (18 November 2001). "A Volatile State of Siege After a Taliban Ambush". Time. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  58. ↑ Gul, Ayaz (9 December 2001). "Afghan/Fighting (L-O)". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  59. ↑ "US Bombs Wipe Out Farming Village". Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  60. ↑ "Afghanistan statistics: UK deaths, casualties, mission costs and refugees" (PDF). United Kingdom: House of Commons. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  61. ↑ "Casualty Status" (PDF). United States: Department of Defense.
  62. ↑ "Number of Afghanistan UK Military and Civilian casualties (7 October 2001 to 30 November 2014)" (PDF). GOV.UK. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  63. ↑ "Canadian Forces' Casualty Statistics (Afghanistan)". Canada News Center. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
  64. ↑ "Over 2,000 Canadians were wounded in Afghan mission: report". National Post. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 "Defense Base Act Case Summary by Nation". United States: Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department of Labor. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Miller, T. Christian (23 September 2009). "U.S. Government Private Contract Worker Deaths and Injuries". Pro Publica. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  67. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Giustozzi 260–263
  68. ↑ "Human Cost of Post-9/11 Wars: Direct War Deaths in Major War Zones, Afghanistan & Pakistan (Oct. 2001 – Aug. 2021); Iraq (March 2003 – March 2023); Syria (Sept. 2014 – March 2023); Yemen (Oct. 2002 – Aug. 2021) and Other Post-9/11 War Zones". Watson Institute, Brown University. March 2023.
  69. ↑ "Afghanistan". Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Archived from the original on 2024-12-03.
  70. ↑ "International Security Assistance Force (ISAF): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF). NATO. 7 November 2014.
  71. ↑ "Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF). NATO.
  72. ↑ Xu, Ruike (5 January 2017). Alliance Persistence within the Anglo-American Special Relationship: The Post-Cold War Era. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-49619-1.
  73. ↑ "Securing, Stabilizing, and Reconstructing Afghanistan: Key Issues for Congressional Oversight". www.govinfo.gov. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  74. ↑ Norton-Taylor, Richard (22 November 2007). "Afghanistan 'falling into hands of Taliban'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  75. ↑ "Ten Stories the world should know more about, 2007". United Nations. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  76. ↑ "International Security Assistance Force (ISAF): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF). nato.int. 4 March 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  77. ↑ Brunnstrom, David; Ryan, Missy (21 May 2012). "NATO to endorse Afghan exit plan, seeks routes out". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  78. ↑ DeYoung, Karen (27 May 2014). "Obama to leave 9,800 US troops in Afghanistan". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  79. ↑ "Afghan Taliban Cool To Ghani Peace Offer While UN, 20 Countries Support It". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
  80. ↑ Miller, Zeke; Madhani, Aamer (8 July 2021). "'Overdue': Biden sets Aug. 31 for US exit from Afghanistan". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on 8 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  81. ↑ Dadouch, Sarah; George, Susannah; Lamothe, Dan (29 February 2020). "U.S. signs peace deal with Taliban agreeing to full withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  82. ↑ Schuknecht, Cat (1 March 2020). "Afghan President Rejects Timeline For Prisoner Swap Proposed In US-Taliban Peace Deal". NPR. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  83. ↑ "Afghan President Ghani relinquishes power, Taliban form interim gov't". Daily Sabah. 30 August 2021. Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  84. ↑ "Remarks by President Biden on Afghanistan". The White House. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  85. ↑ Gibbons-Neff, Thomas; Katzenberg, Lauren (2021-08-30). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  86. ↑ "Human and Budgetary Costs to Date of the U.S. War in Afghanistan, 2001–2022 | Figures | Costs of War". The Costs of War. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  87. ↑ Afghan Refugees, Costs of War, "Afghan Refugees | Costs of War". Archived from the original on 10 March 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
  88. ↑ "In numbers: Life in Afghanistan after America leaves". BBC News. 13 July 2021. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
  89. ↑ "US War in Afghanistan: 1999–2021". Council on Foreign Relations. 2021. Archived from the original on 27 February 2019.Council on Foreign Relations. 2021. Archived from the original on 27 February 2019.
  90. ↑ David P. Auerswald; Stephen M. Saideman (5 January 2014). NATO in Afghanistan: Fighting Together, Fighting Alone. Princeton University Press. pp. 87–88. ISBN 978-1-4008-4867-6. Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
Diambi ari "https://iba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perang_ba_Afghanistan_(2001–2021)&oldid=15013"