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Perang Enam Hari

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Perang Enam Hari
Bagi ari konflik Arab–Israel enggau Perang Semun

Kar pejalai soldadu maya konflik. Israel ke bendar dipandangka ngena chura gadung chelum lalu kandang menua ke dipegai Israel dipandangka ngena mayuh macham chura gadung.
Haribulan5–10 Jun 1967 (6 hari)
Endur
Timur Tengah
Pengudah Pemenang Israel
Ubah kandang
menua

Israel megai sepenyampau 70,000 km2 (27,000 bt2) kandang menua:[3]

Piak ke beperang
 Israel  Ejip
Templat:Country data Siria Ba'ath
 Jordan
 Iraq[1]
Pengaul mimit:
 Lebanon[2]
Komander enggau ketuai
Levi Eshkol
Moshe Dayan
Yitzhak Rabin
David Elazar
Uzi Narkiss
Israel Tal		 Gamal Abdel Nasser
Abdel Hakim Amer
Abdul Munim Riad
Raja Hussein
Abdul Rahman Arif
Pengering
Israel:
264,000 total[6]
250[7]–300 combat aircraft[8]
800 tanks[9]		 Ejip:
160,000 total[10]
100,000 deployed[10]
419[11]–420 aircraft[12]
900–950 tanks[10]
Siria:
75,000 troops[13]
Jordan:
55,000 total[14]
45,000 deployed[15]
270 tanks[15]
Iraq:
100 tanks[15]
Lebanon:
2 combat aircraft[2]
Total:
465,000 total[16]
800 aircraft[16]
2,504 tanks[9]
Bebadi nyawa enggau pengerugi
Israel:
776–983 killed[17][18]
4,517 wounded
15 captured[17]
400 tanks destroyed[19]
46 aircraft destroyed[20]
>509–>700 kerita kebal dirusak[30][31]
15 penyaga pemaik GBB enggau 17 bakal[35]
20 orang periman Israel parai sereta 1,000+ orang periman Israel bakal di Jerusalem[36]
34 orang gawa Soldadu Tasik AS, Marin, enggau NSA parai[37][38]
17 Marin Soviet parai (dipejurai)[39]
413,000 orang Palestin dipindahka ari menua asal sida[40]

Perang Enam Hari,[lower-alpha 1] tauka Perang Arab–Israel 1967 (5–10 Jun 1967), entara Israel enggau gempung menua-menua Arab, iya nya Ejip, Siria, enggau Jordan, dalam konteks konflik Arab–Israel. Lebuh perang nya, Israel ngerampas sereta megai Tebing Barat (nyengkaum Jerusalem Timur) ari Jordan, Jalur Gaza enggau Semenanjung Sinai ari Ejip, sereta Emperan Tinggi Golan ari Siria.

Penyarut soldadu nyadi ba tengah-tengah kaul ke enda manah entara Israel enggau menua sepiak Arab, ke udah beratika Sempekat Pengetu Senyata 1949 ke disain ba pengujung Perang Arab–Israel Keterubah. Dalam taun 1956, penyarut ba pelilih menua ketegal Selat Tiran (meri akses ngagai Eilat, sebengkah palan penyangkai kapal ba ujung tenggara Israel) majak balat dalam utai ke dikelala enggau nama Krisis Suez, lebuh Israel nyerang Ejip ketegal penutup jalai maritim Ejip ngagai kapal Israel, pengujung iya ngujungka Selat Tiran dibuka baru ngagai Israel enggau pengawa nganjung Raban Penusah Ngenyit Gerempung Bansa Beserakup (UNEF) ba semanjai garis entara menua Ejip–Israel.[41]

Dalam beberapa bulan sebedau bulan Jun 1967, penyarut nyadi baru enggau chara ti tau mai penusah: Israel ngulang penetap iya sepengudah taun 1956 ti madahka siti agi penutup Mesir ba Selat Tiran ngagai kapal Israel deka nyadi casus belli ti tegap. Dalam bulan Me, presiden Ejip Gamal Abdel Nasser madahka Selat Tiran deka ditutup baru ngagai kapal Israel. Iya ngasuh bala soldadu Ejip nyadi garis pengetan ba sepemanjai garis entara menua enggau Israel[42] lalu ngasuh semua raban UNEF ditarit enggau lengkas.[43][35]

Perang nya berengkah kena 5 Jun 1967 enggau Operasyen Fokus, serang ngenyit Israel ke mungkur siri serang langit ngagai padang bilun Ejip enggau perengka guna bukai lebuh UNEF benung pansut ari zon nya.[35] Israel nangkap soldadu Ejip enggau ngenyit lalu ngerusak semak semua aset udara soldadu Ejip, meri Israel kuasa ba langit. Berebak enggau nya, soldadu Israel ngepunka serang darat ngagai Semenanjung Sinai Ejip enggau Jalur Gaza ke dipegai Ejip. Pengudah sekeda pengawa ngelaban keterubah, Nasser ngasuh orang mindah ari Semenanjung Sinai; ba hari kenam perang nya, Israel udah nguasa serata Semenanjung Sinai.[44] Jordan ke udah ngaga sempekat pengetan enggau Ejip seminggu sebedau perang berengkah, enda ngambi pengawa serang semua ngelaban Israel, tang ngepunka serang ngelaban soldadu Israel dikena ngelaunka pejalai sida.[45] Ba hari kelima, Syria nyereta perang nya enggau chara nimbak palan Israel di utara.[46]

Ejip enggau Jordan setuju ngetu beperang kena 8 Jun, enggau Siria kena 9 Jun, lalu nya disain enggau Israel kena 11 Jun. Perang Enam Hari ngujungka lebih 15,000 iku orang Arab mati; lalu kurang ari 1,000 iku orang Israel mati. Beserimbai enggau pemati bala pengelaban nya, pemati 20 iku orang periman Israel ke parai dalam serang udara soldadu Arab ngagai Jerusalem, 15 iku raban penyaga pemaik PBB ke parai ketegal serang Israel di Sinai ba pun perang, enggau 34 iku raban AS parai dalam penusah USS Liberty, ke alai soldadu langit Israel nimbak sebuah kapal pemansik teknikal Soldadu Tasik Amerika Serikat.

Lebuh pengawa bemunsuh badu agi, Israel udah ngerampas Emperan Tinggi Golan ari Siria, Tebing Barat nyengkaum Jerusalem Timur ari Jordan, enggau Semenanjung Sinai enggau Jalur Gaza ari Ejip. Pengawa mindahka periman ketegal Perang Enam Hari nya mai empas timpuh panjai, laban urung 280,000 ngagai 325,000 iku peranak Palestin enggau 100,000 iku peranak Siria rari tauka dibuai ari Tebing Barat[47] sereta Emperan Tinggi Golan.[48] Nasser ngelengka pangku pengawa ketegal malu sepengudah pemenang Israel, tang dipadu baru sepengudah siri protes di serata menua Ejip. Pengudah konflik nya, Ejip nutup Pemintas Suez ari taun 1967 ngagai 1975.[49]

Nota

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  1. ↑ Hebrew: מִלְחֶמֶת שֵׁשֶׁת הַיָּמִים, rumi: Milḥemet Šešet HaYamim; Arab: النكسة, rumi: an-Naksah, lit. 'The Setback' or حرب 1967, Ḥarb 1967, 'War of 1967', also known as the June war or third Arab–Israeli war

Kereban sanding

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  1. ↑ Krauthammer, Charles (18 May 2007). "Prelude to the Six Days". The Washington Post. p. A23. ISSN 0740-5421. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Oren (2002), p. 237.
  3. ↑ Arnold, Guy (2016). Wars in the Third World Since 1945. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 299. ISBN 9781474291019.
  4. ↑ "Milestones: 1961–1968". Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018. Between June 5 and June 10, Israel defeated Egypt, Jordan, and Syria and occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights
  5. ↑ Weill, Sharon (2007). "The judicial arm of the occupation: the Israeli military courts in the occupied territories". International Review of the Red Cross. 89 (866): 401. doi:10.1017/s1816383107001142. On 7 June 1967, the day the occupation started, Military Proclamation No. 2 was issued, endowing the area commander with full legislative, executive, and judicial authorities over the West Bank and declaring that the law in force prior to the occupation remained in force as long as it did not contradict new military orders.
  6. ↑ Stone (2004), p. 217.
  7. ↑ Oren (2002), p. 171.
  8. ↑ Tucker (2015), pp. 540–541.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Tucker (2004), p. 176.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Pollack (2004), p. 59.
  11. ↑ Morris (2001), p. 318.
  12. ↑ Oren (2002), p. 176.
  13. ↑ Ehteshami & Hinnebusch (1997), p. 76.
  14. ↑ Mutawi (2002), p. 42.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Segev (1967), pp. 82, 175–191.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Herzog, Chaim (1 January 1984). The Arab-Israeli Wars: War and Peace in the Middle East from the War of Independence through Lebanon (in Inggeris) (Revised ed.). Vintage Books. p. 149. ISBN 978-0394717463.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Gawrych (2000), p. 3.
  18. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  19. ↑ Zaloga, Steven (1981). Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948–78 (Vanguard). Osprey Publishing.
  20. ↑ "מלחמת ששת-הימים". Israeli Air Force. 3 October 2010. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019.
  21. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Gammasy p.79
  22. ↑ Herzog (1982), p. 165.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Israel Ministry 2004
  24. ↑ Tucker (2010), p. 1198.
  25. ↑ Woolf, Alex (2012). Arab–Israeli War Since 1948. Heinemann-Raintree. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-4329-6004-9.
  26. ↑ Sachar (2013), p. [1]Templat:Page needed
  27. ↑ Dunstan (2013a), p. [2]
  28. ↑ Warfare since the Second World War, By Klaus Jürgen Gantzel, Torsten Schwinghammer, p. 253
  29. ↑ Guy Arnold (1991) Wars in the Third World since 1945.Templat:Page neededTemplat:Full citation needed
  30. ↑ Six-Day War 1967, Operation Focus and the 12 hours that changed the Middle East. Shlomo Aloni. Osprey Publishing. 2019. P.92
  31. ↑ Simon Dunstan. The Six Day War 1967: Sinai. Osprey Publishing, 2009. P. 88.
  32. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama ReferenceA
  33. ↑ Hawker Hunters at War. Iraq and Jordan, 1958-1967. Tom Cooper, Patricia Salti. Helion & Company. 2016. P.45.59
  34. ↑ Hawker Hunters at War. Iraq and Jordan, 1958-1967. Tom Cooper, Patricia Salti. Helion & Company. 2016. P.46-53
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 "UNEF I withdrawal (16 May - 17 June 1967) - SecGen report, addenda, corrigendum". Question of Palestine (in Inggeris AS). Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
  36. ↑ Oren (2002), p. 187: Over 1,000 civilians were wounded, 150 seriously, 20 of them died.
  37. ↑ Gerhard, William D.; Millington, Henry W. (1981). "Attack on a SIGINT Collector, the USS Liberty" (PDF). NSA History Report, U.S. Cryptologic History series. National Security Agency. partially declassified 1999, 2003.
  38. ↑ Kededua USA enggau Israel enggau rasmi nesauka penusah USS Liberty baka ke ketegal salah ngelala.
  39. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama ginor
  40. ↑ Jeremy Bowen (2003). Six Days: How the 1967 War Shaped the Middle East. Simon and Schuster, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4711-1475-5. UNRWA put the figure at 413,000
  41. ↑ Major General Indar Jit Rikhye (28 October 2013). The Sinai Blunder: Withdrawal of the United Nations Emergency Force Leading... Taylor & Francis. pp. 8–. ISBN 978-1-136-27985-0.
  42. ↑ Quigley (2013), p. 32.
  43. ↑ Mendoza, Terry; Hart, Rona; Herlitz, Lewis; Stone, John; Oboler, Andre (2007). "Six Day War Comprehensive Timeline". sixdaywar. Archived from the original on 18 May 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  44. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama BBC Panorama
  45. ↑ Mutawi (2002), p. 183: "It is clear that King Hussein joined forces with Egypt in the knowledge that there was no possibility of overrunning Israel. Instead, he sought to preserve the status quo. He believed that he could not stand aside at a time when Arab co-operation and solidarity were vital and he was convinced that any Arab confrontation with Israel would be greatly enhanced if the Arabs fought as a unified body. The plan of action devised at his meeting with Nasser in Cairo on 30 May was established on this basis. It was envisaged that Jordan would not take an offensive role but would tie down a proportion of Israel's forces and so prevent it from using its full weight against Egypt and Syria. By forcing Israel to fight a war on three fronts simultaneously King Hussein believed that the Arabs stood a chance of preventing it from making any territorial gains while allowing the Arabs a chance of gaining a political victory, which may, eventually, lead to peace. King Hussein was also convinced that even if Jordan did not participate in the war Israel would take the opportunity to seize the West Bank once it had dealt with Syria and Egypt. He decided that for this reason, the wisest course of action was to bring Jordan into the total Arab effort. This would provide his army with two elements that were essential for its efficient operation – additional troops and air cover. When King Hussein met Nasser in Cairo it was agreed that these requirements would be met."
  46. ↑ Dunstan (2013), p. 65.
  47. ↑ Bowker (2003), p. 81.
  48. ↑ McDowall (1991), p. 84: 116,000 had fled from the Golan further into Syria, ...
  49. ↑ "Suez Canal". 30 March 2021. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
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