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Palan Filem Manila

Coordinates: 14°33′02″N 120°58′55″E / 14.550556°N 120.981944°E / 14.550556; 120.981944
Ari Wikipedia
Palan Filem Filipina
Fail:Manila Film Center (Pasay; 12-13-2020).jpg
The front exterior of the Center
Map
Penerang rama
Architectural styleBrutalisme
LocationPasay, Filipina
Koordinat14°33′02″N 120°58′55″E / 14.550556°N 120.981944°E / 14.550556; 120.981944
Pengaga bepun kena1981
Tembu kena1982
Belanja$25 juta (USD)
PengempuPerintah Filipina
ManagementPalan Budaya Filipina
Design and construction
Architect(s)Froilan Hong

Palan Filem Manila nya sebengkah begunan ti bepalan ba ujung barat daya Kompleks Palan Budaya Filipina di Pasay, Filipina. Struktur nya digaga arkitek Froilan Hong ke alai edifis iya disukung ba lebih semilan ratus tumpuk[1] ti manggai ngagai batu pelasar urung 120 kaki ke baruh.

Palan Filem Manila nyadi palan wayang besai ungkup Festival Filem Antarabansa Manila Keterubah[2] (MIFF) 18–29 Januari 1982. Begunan nya mega udah nyadi subjek kontroversi ketegal penusah bebadi ti nabanka nyawa ti nyadi kena 17 November 1981. Enda kurang ari 169 iku orang mati lalu ditumbak enggau jampat[3][4] enggau semin.[5][6]

Sejarah

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Konsep

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Sebedau Palan Filem Manila, Filipina nadai ngembuan arkib filem nasional rasmi, lalu kebuah nya dalam bulan Januari 1981, bini presiden maya nya Imelda Marcos nguluka pengawa ngaga Palan Manila keterubah. Di baruh pegai Betty Benitez, kaling Sapit Menteri MHS maya nya, Jose Conrado Benitez, sida ngatur sebengkah raban dikena neruska projek nya. Ramon M. Ignacio, Pemesai Kanan Teknologi ba Palan Sumber Teknologi, ngaga konsep projek enggau mayuh macham komponen iya. Iya mega nyendiaka pansik pengulih.[7]

Entara komponen projek Palan Filem nya: teater 360 darjah dikena mandangka pemandang sejarah enggau dagang temuai ke udah enggau diatu ungkup rebak dudi hari, Program Wang/Lon Filem dikena mutarka belanja filem ti patut, Pengarkib Filem Filipina ngena Simpan Digital (taja pan mimit dikelala maya nya), Pengkalan Data Filem Labotori, sistem Viking/Penerang Uwing Filem, Komiti Penapis enggau sub-komponen mit bukai. Taja pan kreativiti futuristik enggau konsep Ignacio, semina dua iti aja komponen projek nya ke bendar digaga. Bantu UNESCO[7] amat berega dalam pengawa ngaga langkar arkib, nya alai sida diasuh nyadi penyanding penemu projek nya.

Sekeda penemuai okular udah digaga Unesco dalam taun 1981 ke alai sida megai tanggungpengawa berunding besai ti diguna dalam pengawa nirika struktur nya. Begunan nya udah nya digaga ngambika bisi dua komponen[7] iya nya auditorium enggau arkib. Nitihka penerang ari Hong, pelasar nya ditumbuhka ba tanah ke udah dipulaika baru[8] semak Teluk Manila. Ketegal timpuh struktur nya terit, iya begunaka 4,000 iku pengereja pengawa, gawa dalam 3 syif sepemanjai 24 jam. Seribu iku pengereja pengawa ngaga lobi[9] dalam timpuh 72 jam, pengawa ti biasa iya deka begunaka timpuh enam minggu. Palan Filem nya dibuka dalam taun 1982 enggau ungkus dipelabaka manggai $25 juta.

Begunan nya dikelala enggau "kompleks bengunan" Marcos[10], siti leka jaku ti ditukuka arkitek Gerard Lico nyadi "obsesyen enggau pemejal ngaga bangunan nyadika tanda pemesai."[11][12]

Pemati ketegal pengawa ngaga ba taun 1981

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Siti penusah nyadi urung pukul 3:00. pagi kena 17 November 1981, maya ngaga Palan Filem Manila.[10] Perancah[13] runtuh,[14][15] lalu pemadu mimit 169 iku[3][16][17] pengereja pengawa labuh lalu ditumbak ba baruh semin basah ti jampat rangkai.[18] Selimut pengelikun tekala nya dipejalaika perintah diktator Marcos. Bala penyelamat tauka ambulans nadai dikemendarka[9] ba palan nya nyentukka penerang rasmi udah disendiaka. Pengujung iya bala penyelamat dikemendarka tama ngagai dalam palan eksiden nya semilan jam pengudah penusah runtuh.

Nitihka penerang ari presiden CCP ke suba, Baltazar N. Endriga, arkitek Froilan Hong madahka semina tujuh iku orang aja ke mati dalam penusah bebadi nya lalu semua sida “diambi lalu diberi ritus ke patut nitihka orang ke mati.”[19]

Pengudah

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Pengudah penusah nya nyadi, Menteri Besai Cesar Virata enda ngemendarka subsidi $5 juta[20] ti asal iya diungkupka ngagai pengerami filem nya. Ketegal nadai belanja, Imelda Marcos ngaga pelin kontinjensi ti deka mansutka belanja ti chukup dikena nampung pengerami nya.

Pesta Filem Manila Keterubah

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Taja semua pekara ke nyadi, pengerami filem Antarabansa Manila keterubah iya dipejalaika ari 18 ngagai 29 Januari 1982. Sepenyampau 17 iti filem bepekit ba pengerami nya [21] iya nya 36 Chowringhee Lane (India), Body Heat (AS), <i id="mwtQ">Gallipoli</i> (Australia), Harry Tracy-Desperado (Kanada) La Femme d'à côté (Peranchis), <i id="mwvA">Lola</i> (Jerman), <i id="mwvg">Los Viernes de la Eternidad</i> (Argentina), Majstori, Majstori! (Yugoslavia), No Charges Filed (Ejip), Smash Palace (New Zealand), Take It All (Jetz Und Alles) (Jereman Barat), The Beloved Woman of Mechanic Gavrikov (USSR), The French Lieutenant (Great Britain), There Was A War When I Was A Child (Jipun), Vabank (Poland) enggau Wasted Lives (Hungari).

Pengudah taun 1990-an

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Matahari terebai ba Palan Filem Manila

Pengudah tanah berenyang taun 1990[22] ke nuntung Manila enggau Luzon ke bukai, palan nya ditinggalka,[23] berindik ari ripot pasal pengerusak struktur ba rasuk ke ulih nanggung beban ba sepiak barat begunan nya. Dalam taun 2001, Presiden CCP maya nya, Armita Rufino madahka program pengadu baru penuh ungkup Palan Filem ti majak jai. Opis Kereja Raya enggau Jalai Besai (DPWH) enggau arkitek palan filem nya, Hong, nyadi sebagi ari sesi perambu strategik bekaul enggau pengawa ngemanahka struktur. Anggar ungkus ngaduka baru ba taun 2001 urung 300 juta peso,[24] lalu ungkus nirika begunan ke baru bendar dipelabaka 1.8 bilion peso.

Pengudah pengawa ngemanahka iya tembu, CPACEAI[25] nyuwa teater nya ari perintah Filipina dalam bulan Oktober 2001. Kena 10 Disember 2001, Amazing Show, ti diasilka Amazing Philippines Theatre,[26] dibuka ngagai mensia mayuh. Semua pemerindang dalam randau nya transgender.[27][28] Suwa sida abis timpuh dalam taun 2009, ti ngujungka pengawa mandangka nya mindah ngagai fasiliti bukai.

Dalam taun 2009, Senat Filipina[13] berunding deka mindah ari begunan Sistem Insurans Servis Perintah (GSIS) ngagai Palan Filem ti semina beberapa meter aja penyauh. Perambu nyuwa nya deka begunaka ungkus ti jauh kurang ari suwa ke diatu ba kompaun GSIS, ti udah disuwa senat ari Perintah Filipina ngena ungkus ninting taun 100 juta peso kenyau ari taun 1997.[29] Kena 19 Februari 2013, sebuah palan api filem pengelama tiga jam ngerusak palan nya. Nadai penusah bebadi nyawa diripotka nyadi, tang pengerusak struktur dipelabaka manggai 1.2 juta peso.[30] Setaun udah nya, dalam bulan Februari 2014, pemutus Senat mindah ngagai Palan Filem nya ditangguh Presiden Senat maya nya Franklin Drilon.[31]

Kereban sanding

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  1. ↑ "Manila National Film Centre, Page 2, Annex 1, Building Specification" (PDF). Unesco. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
  2. ↑ MIFF Press Release. Office of Media Affairs. 1982. Archived from the original on October 5, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2009 – via Open Library, Published in 1982, Office of Media Affairs (Manila).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Benedicto, Bobby (2009). "Shared Spaces of Transnational Transit: Filipino Gay Tourists, Labour Migrants, and the Borders of Class Difference". Asian Studies Review. 33 (3): 289–301. doi:10.1080/10357820903153715. S2CID 143627535.
  4. ↑ "Max Soliven: By the Way". Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  5. ↑ "Sculpting Society". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 17, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  6. ↑ de Guzman, Nicai (November 7, 2019). "The Mysterious Curse of the Manila Film Center". Esquire. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Manila National Film Centre, Page 1, Annex 1, History" (PDF). Unesco. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
  8. ↑ "Manila Film Center Shines again". Philippine Headline News Online (Newsflash). Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lico, Gerard (2003). Edifice complex: power, myth, and Marcos state architecture. HI: University of Hawaii Press; illustrated edition. pp. 124 of 178. ISBN 978-971-550-435-5. Archived from the original on October 5, 2024. Retrieved December 14, 2009. Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah, nama "source" digunakan secara berulang dengan kandungan yang berbeza
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Martial Law Museum". Martial Law Museum (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on May 1, 2018. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  11. ↑ Santos, Roselle. "Book Review: Edifice Complex: Power, Myth, and the Marcos State Architecture by Gerard Lico : Philippine Art, Culture and Antiquities". Artes de las Filipinas. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  12. ↑ Villa, Kathleen de (September 16, 2017). "Imelda Marcos and her 'edifice complex'". Inquirer (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Senate eyes Film Center as new home". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on October 4, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  14. ↑ Lico, Gerard (2003). Edifice complex: power, myth, and Marcos state architecture. HI: University of Hawaii Press; illustrated edition. pp. 123 of 178. ISBN 978-971-550-435-5. Archived from the original on October 5, 2024. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  15. ↑ "Where Spirits Roam". Rogue Magazine. October 2009.
  16. ↑ Benedicto, Bobby (2009). "Shared Spaces of Transnational Transit: Filipino Gay Tourists, Labour Migrants, and the Borders of Class Difference". Asian Studies Review. 33 (3): 289–301. doi:10.1080/10357820903153715. S2CID 143627535.
  17. ↑ "Max Soliven: By the Way". Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  18. ↑ "Sculpting Society". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 17, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  19. ↑ "Account on the 1981 Manila Film Center deaths". Inquirer.net. November 6, 2017. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  20. ↑ Ellison, Katherine (2003). Imelda, Steel Butterfly of the Philippines. HI: Mcgraw-Hill. pp. 33 of 301. ISBN 978-0-07-019335-2. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  21. ↑ Manila International Film Festival, January 18–29, 1982. Office of Media Affairs (Manila). 1982. LCCN 82208378. OL 3102691M. Archived from the original on October 5, 2024. Retrieved December 14, 2009.
  22. ↑ "The July 16 Luzon Earthquake: A Technical Monograph". Inter-Agency Committee for Documenting and Establishing Database on the July 1990 Earthquake. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. 2001. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2009.
  23. ↑ "Manila Film Center Shines again". News Flash. Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  24. ↑ {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)
  25. ↑ "Manila Film Center Shines again" (PDF). Amazing Philippines Facts. Retrieved January 18, 2010.[dead link]
  26. ↑ "Amazing Philippines Theatre". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  27. ↑ "Amazing Philippine Theater comes to Boracay". The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  28. ↑ "An Amazing night of beauties". The Manila Standard. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  29. ↑ "Senate transfer to Film Center bucked". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on October 8, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  30. ↑ Jaymee T. Gamil (February 20, 2013). "Film Center fire halts gay show". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 5, 2024. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
  31. ↑ "Senate puts on hold plan to look for permanent home (Feature)". balita.ph - Online Filipino News. February 23, 2014. Archived from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.

Pautan luar

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