Paganisme

Paganisme (ari jaku Latin pāgānus ti ngembuan reti ‘menua pesisir’ tauka ‘menua kampung’; udah nya ngemai reti ‘periman’) iya nya reti ti baru dikena orang Kristian keterubah ba Empayar Rome dikena madahka sida ke ngemeranka pengarap politeisme ^[1] tauka pengarap etnik kelimpah ari pengarap Judah . Maya jeman Empayar Rome, orang dikumbai pagan ketegal sida diau ba menua pesisir, jauh ari palan pengentap pendiau orang Kristian ti majak ngerembai, tauka ketegal sida enda disengkaum dalam milites Christi (soldadu Kristus). Leka jaku alternatif ti dikena dalam teks Kristian nyengkaum hellene, gentile, enggau heathen . ^[1] Pengawa genselan nyadi elemen ti beguna dalam pengarap Gerika-Rome kelia ^[2] lalu ngembuan fesyen nyadi kelai sekalika seseiku orang nya orang pagan tauka Kristian. ^[2] Paganisme mega mayuh dikaitka enggau "agama orang bumai ". ^[1] ^[3]

Sepengudah tengan jeman enggau ke atas, reti paganisme dikena madahka sebarang pengarap ti ukai Kristian, enggau anggap iya nyembah “ petara pelesu ”. ^[4] ^[5] Asal penatai leka jaku “pagan” ngena pengarap politeis agi dipejuraika. Ba abad ke-19, sekeda raban seni ke diiri enggau inspirasyen ari dunya kelia ngena label paganisme nyadika identiti diri. Ba abad ke-20, label tu berengkah dikena orang ke megai pengarap paganisme moden, pemejalai pagan moden, enggau rekonstruksionisme politeis . Mayuh pengarap paganisme moden ngemeran sereta pechayaka pengawa nyembah alam, ti midaka iya ari pengarap besai dunya.

Informasyen ke baru senentang pengarap kelia enggau pengarap orang pagan datai ari sekeda kereban, nyengkaum rekod pansik lapangan antropologi, bukti artifak arkeologi, enggau ari cherita penulis kelia senentang budaya ke bisi ba rampa menua Mediterranean klasik . Mayuh ari pengarap pagan moden diatu ngemeranka pemereti ati panteistik, panenteistik, politeistik, tauka animistik. Taja pia, bisi sekeda mega ngemeranka monoteistik . ^[6] ^[7] ^[8]

Pengawa ngaga baru Parthenon, ba Acropolis Athens, menua Gerika.

Bacha ke silik agi

Cameron, Alan G. (2011). The Last Pagans of Rome. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-978091-4. OCLC 553365192.
Davies, Owen (2011). Paganism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-162001-0.
Elsie, Robert (2001). A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture. London: Hurst & Company. ISBN 1-85065-570-7.
Fischer, Bernd J.; Schmitt, Oliver Jens (2022). A Concise History of Albania. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-00-925490-8.
Hua, Yih-Fen. book review to: Maria Effinger / Cornelia Logemann / Ulrich Pfisterer (eds): Götterbilder und Götzendiener in der Frühen Neuzeit. Europas Blick auf fremde Religionen. In: sehepunkte 13 (2013), Nr. 5 [15 May 2013], URL: http://www.sehepunkte.de/2013/05/21410.html. (Book review in English).
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Malcolm, Noel (1998). Kosovo: A Short History. ISBN 978-0-330-41224-7.
Norris, Harry Thirlwall (1993). Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World (in Inggeris). Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-87249-977-5. OCLC 28067651.
Qafleshi, Muharrem (2011). Opoja dhe Gora ndër shekuj [Opoja and Gora During Centuries]. Albanological Institute of Pristina. ISBN 978-9951-596-51-0.
Robert, P. & Scott, N. (1995). A History of Pagan Europe. New York, Barnes & Noble Books, ISBN 0-7607-1210-7.
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Tirta, Mark (2004). Petrit Bezhani (ed.). Mitologjia ndër shqiptarë (in Albania). Tirana: Mësonjëtorja. ISBN 99927-938-9-9.
York, Michael (2003). Pagan Theology: Paganism as a World Religion NYU Press, ISBN 0-8147-9708-3.

Kereban sanding

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Brown, Peter (1999). "Pagan". In Bowersock, Glen Warren; Brown, Peter; Grabar, Oleg (eds.). Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World. Harvard University Press. pp. 625–26. ISBN 978-0-674-51173-6.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Jones, Christopher P. (2014). Between Pagan and Christian. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-72520-1.
↑ Owen Davies (2011). Paganism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-19-162001-0.
↑ Aitamurto, Kaarina (2016). Paganism, Traditionalism, Nationalism: Narratives of Russian Rodnoverie. Routledge. pp. 12–15. ISBN 978-1-317-08443-3.
↑ Owen Davies (2011). Paganism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–6, 70–83. ISBN 978-0-19-162001-0.
↑ Lewis, James R. (2004). The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. Oxford University Press. p. 13. ISBN 0-19-514986-6.
↑ Hanegraff, Wouter J. (1006). New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought. Brill. p. 84. ISBN 90-04-10696-0.
↑ Cameron 2011.

[Bowersock1999p625-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Brown, Peter (1999). "Pagan". In Bowersock, Glen Warren; Brown, Peter; Grabar, Oleg (eds.). Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World. Harvard University Press. pp. 625–26. ISBN 978-0-674-51173-6.

[James2014-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Jones, Christopher P. (2014). Between Pagan and Christian. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-72520-1.

[Davies2011p1-3] Owen Davies (2011). Paganism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-19-162001-0.

[4] Aitamurto, Kaarina (2016). Paganism, Traditionalism, Nationalism: Narratives of Russian Rodnoverie. Routledge. pp. 12–15. ISBN 978-1-317-08443-3.

[5] Owen Davies (2011). Paganism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–6, 70–83. ISBN 978-0-19-162001-0.

[6] Lewis, James R. (2004). The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. Oxford University Press. p. 13. ISBN 0-19-514986-6.

[7] Hanegraff, Wouter J. (1006). New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought. Brill. p. 84. ISBN 90-04-10696-0.

[FOOTNOTECameron2011-8] Cameron 2011.

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