Orang India Malaysia
Orang India Malaysia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Penyampau tubuh | |
| 2,019,600[1] 6.6% of the Malaysian population (2020)[1] | |
| Kandang endur ti mayuh mensia | |
| West coast of Peninsular Malaysia
(mostly in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Penang, Kuala Lumpur, Kedah and Johor) Singapore (20,483 in 2010)[2] | |
| Jaku | |
| Malaysian Tamil/Tamil (majority) • English • Malay • Melayu Chetty • Other Indian languages such as Punjabi, Telugu, Malayalam and others | |
| Pengarap | |
| Predominantly Hinduism Minorities Christianity · Islam · Buddhism · Sikhism · Jainism · Zoroastrianism · Baháʼí | |
| Raban bansa ke bekaul | |
| Indian Tamils, Sri Lankan Tamils, Telugus, Malayalis, Chindians, Chitty, Burmese Tamils, Dravidians, Indian Singaporeans, Indo-Mauritians, Indo-Fijians, Indians in South Africa, Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa, Indo-Caribbeans |
Orang India Malaysia nya peranak menua Malaysia ti bebansa India tauka Asia Selatan. Mayuh ari sida nya peturun sida ke pindah ari India ngagai British Malaya ari tengan abad ke-19 ngagai tengan abad ke-20.[3][4] Mayuh orang bansa India Malaysia iya nya ari etnik Tamil; raban ke mit agi nyengkaum bansa Malayali, Telugu enggau Punjabi. Raban bansa India Malaysia nyadi komuniti India Luar Menua kelima pemadu besai di dunya.[5] Di Malaysia, sida ngarika raban ketiga pemadu mayuh, ti nyadi 7% ari penyampau tubuh Malaysia, pengudah raban Bumiputera (begulai raban etnik Melayu enggau raban bansa asal bukai) enggau raban bansa China.
Orang India Malaysia tebilang enggau stratifikasyen kelas, enggau raban elit ti signifikan sereta raban ti bepenatai pemisi baruh ti besai dalam lipat iya.[6][7] Orang India Malaysia ti besai peratus profesyenal per kapita nengah chara numbuhka 15.5% ari profesyenal Malaysia dalam taun 1999 udah dikurangka enggau penyampau tubuh ti besai semak 40% diatu dianggap kategori B40.[8][6] Dalam pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 1984, nyentuk ngagai 38% ari pengereja pengawa profesyenal perubat menua tu datai ari raban bansa India Malaysia, tang tu udah dikurangka kenyau ari nya.[8][9] Dalam taun 1970, penatai pemisi per-kapita raban bansa India Malaysia 76% tinggi agi ari majoriti Melayu.[10] Taja pan perintah Malaysia udah nguji ngagihka baru pemisi kenyau ari taun 1970-an nengah polisi bansa ti udah diinstitusyenka,[11][12] ba taun 2005 orang India Malaysia agi bulih penatai pemisi per kapita 27% tinggi agi ari komuniti Melayu ti dominan.[10]
Kereban sanding
[edit | edit bunsu]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Department of Statistics Malaysia (2020). "Current population and estimates, Malaysia 2020 Group". Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
- ↑ "Census of Population 2010" (PDF). Singapore Department of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- ↑ Viswanathan Selvaratnam (1 May 2021). "From Servitude to Underclass: The Empire's South Indian 'Coolies' in Postcolonial Malaysia". Economic and Political Weekly. 56 (18).
The ancestral root of about 80% of Malaysian Indians is in the British Empire's Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala).
- ↑ Watson Andaya, Barbara; Andaya, Leonard Y. (2001). A History of Malaysia. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 4, 181–185. ISBN 9780824824259.
- ↑ "Indian Diaspora" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. 24 Nov 2023. Retrieved 24 Nov 2023.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bernama (15 May 2015). "YPS: 40pc of Malaysian Indians still at bottom rung of the income ladder". The Malay Mail.
- ↑ "Visiting Indian Diaspora in Malaysia | Diplomacy & Beyond Plus".
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 M. Shamsul Haque (November 2003). "The Role of the State in Managing Ethnic Tensions in Malaysia" (PDF). American Behavioral Scientist. 47 (3): 240–266. doi:10.1177/0002764203256186. S2CID 53021386. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ↑ Pusat Komas, Pusat Komas (24 Nov 2023). "Malaysia Racial Discrimination Report 2021" (PDF). komas.org. Retrieved 23 Nov 2023.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Saari, M Yusof; Dietzenbacher, Erik; Los, Bart (2015). "Sources of Income Growth and Inequality Across Ethnic Groups in Malaysia, 1970–2000" (PDF). World Development. 76: 311–328. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.07.015. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
- ↑ Navaratnam, Tan Sri Ramon (2020-11-25). "Malaysia needs to reform its New Economic Policy: Sin Chew Daily contributor". The Straits Times (in Inggeris). ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
- ↑ Osman, Mohamed Nawab Mohamed (2007). "Marginalisation and the Indian Community in Malaysia" (PDF). RSIS Commentaries, (131/2007). Nanyang Technological University.
<ref> dengan nama "2015 population" yang ditentukan dalam <references> tidak digunakan dalam teks sebelumnya.Bibliografi
[edit | edit bunsu]- "Tragic Orphans: Indians in Malaysia" by Carl Vadivella Belle, Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, ISBN 978-981-4519-03-8
- Sandhu, Kernial Singh (30 January 2006). K S Sandhu; A Mani (eds.). Indian Communities in Southeast Asia (First Reprint ed.). ISEAS Publishing. ISBN 978-9812304186.