Ketawa

Ketawa nya reaksyen enggau emosyen fizikal ti suah ngerinduka ati ti selalu iya mungkur kontraksyen ti berirama, selalu iya didinga ari diafram enggau bagi sistem enseput ti bukai. Iya nya respons ngagai sekeda rangsang luar tauka dalam. Ketawa tau angkat ari pengawa baka dientichik,^[1] tauka ari cherita, gambar, video tauka runding ke luchu.^[2] Ke pemadu suah, ketawa tu dianggap nyadi ekspresyen auditori ari sekeda gaya emosi ti positif, baka pengaga, pengelantang tauka nyamai ati. Tang bisi mega maya, iya engka ketegal emosyen ti bebida baka malu, tekenyit, tauka saru baka ketawa ti enteki tauka ketawa ti bebasa. Umur, gender, pelajar, jaku enggau budaya semua nya nyadika indikator^[3] sekalika sesiku orang deka ngasaika ketawa dalam sesebengkah situasyen. Kelimpah ari mensia, sekeda bansa primata bukai (chimpanzi, gorila enggau orangutan) ngayanka vokalisasyen baka ketawa lebuh nimbal kontak fizikal baka begusti, bemain begagai tauka ngentichik.

Ketawa nya sebagi ari ulah mensia ti diatur untak, mantu mensia nerangka niat sida dalam interaksyen sosial sereta meri konteks emosyen ngagai randau. Ketawa dikena nyadika tanda nyadi sebagi ari raban—iya nyadika tanda terima enggau interaksyen ti positif enggau orang bukai. Ketawa kekadang dipeda berampit lalu ketawa siku-siku orang tau empu ngasuh ketawa ari orang bukai nyadika timbal ti positif.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Pansik pasal humor enggau ketawa, sereta empas psikologi enggau fisiologi iya ngagai tubuh mensia, dikumbai gelotologi.

Peda mega

Pemati ketegal ketawa

Kereban sanding

↑ Stearns, Frederic Rudolph (1972). Laughing: Physiology, Pathology, Psychology, Pathopsychology and Development. Springfield, Ill., Thomas. pp. 59–65. ISBN 978-0398024208.
↑ Shultz, T. R.; Horibe, F. (1974). "Development of the appreciation of verbal jokes". Developmental Psychology. 10: 13–20. doi:10.1037/h0035549.
↑ Olmwake, Louise (1937). "A study of sense of humor: Its relation to sex, age and personal characteristics". Journal of Applied Psychology. 45 (6): 688–704. doi:10.1037/h0055199.
↑ Camazine, Deneubourg, Franks, Sneyd, Theraulaz, Bonabeau, Self-Organization in Biological Systems, Princeton University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-691-11624-5 – ISBN 0-691-01211-3 (pbk.) p. 18.
↑ Blumer, Herbert (1998). "Society as Symbolic Interaction". Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-520-05676-3. group action is the collective action of such individuals ['who fit their respective lines of action to one another through the process of interpretation']...the individuals composing...the group become 'carriers,' or media for the expression of such forces; and the interpretative behavior by means of which people form their actions is merely a coerced link in the play of such forces.
↑ Durkheim, Émile (1979). "Imitation". Suicide: A Study in Sociology [Étude de sociologie]. Translated by Spaulding, John A.; Simpson, George. New York, NY: THE FREE PRESS. pp. 125, 129. ISBN 978-0-684-83632-4. Thus we yawn, laugh, weep, because we see someone yawn, laugh or weep...The name of imitation must then be reserved solely for such facts if it is to have clear meaning, and we shall say: Imitation exists when the immediate antecedent of an act is the representation of a like act, previously performed by someone else; with no explicit or implicit mental operation which bears upon the intrinsic nature of the act reproduced intervening between representation and execution.
↑ Bergson, Henri (26 July 2009). "The Comic in General—The Comic Element in Forms and Movements—Expansive Force of the Comic". Laughter: an Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. Translated by Brereton L. ES L., M.A., Cloudesley; Rothwell B.A., Fred. Project Gutenberg. Laughter appears to stand in need of an echo, Listen to it carefully: it is not an articulate, clear, well-defined sound; it is something which would fain be prolonged by reverberating from one to another, something beginning with a crash, to continue in successive rumblings, like thunder in a mountain. Still, this reverberation cannot go on for ever. It can travel within as wide a circle as you please: the circle remains, none the less, a closed one.

Laman web ke bukai

Kati ketawa ngaga runding?, majalah Aeon
Asal Ketawa Diarkib, chas.utoronto.ca
Ketawa mensia nyentuk ke umur 16 juta taun, cosmosmagazine.com.
Penerang ti silik agi pasal Gelotologi ari Universiti Washington, fakulti.
Randau radio Radio Lab WNYC: Kati Ketawa semina Utai Mensia aja?, wnyc.org
Transkripsyen ketawa, ditulisbunyi.com .
Rikut orang ketawa, 99 chunto audio ketawa mensia .
Simpul pansik ti komprehensif pasal penguntung ketawa

[1] Stearns, Frederic Rudolph (1972). Laughing: Physiology, Pathology, Psychology, Pathopsychology and Development. Springfield, Ill., Thomas. pp. 59–65. ISBN 978-0398024208.

[2] Shultz, T. R.; Horibe, F. (1974). "Development of the appreciation of verbal jokes". Developmental Psychology. 10: 13–20. doi:10.1037/h0035549.

[3] Olmwake, Louise (1937). "A study of sense of humor: Its relation to sex, age and personal characteristics". Journal of Applied Psychology. 45 (6): 688–704. doi:10.1037/h0055199.

[4] Camazine, Deneubourg, Franks, Sneyd, Theraulaz, Bonabeau, Self-Organization in Biological Systems, Princeton University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-691-11624-5 – ISBN 0-691-01211-3 (pbk.) p. 18.

[5] Blumer, Herbert (1998). "Society as Symbolic Interaction". Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-520-05676-3. group action is the collective action of such individuals ['who fit their respective lines of action to one another through the process of interpretation']...the individuals composing...the group become 'carriers,' or media for the expression of such forces; and the interpretative behavior by means of which people form their actions is merely a coerced link in the play of such forces.

[6] Durkheim, Émile (1979). "Imitation". Suicide: A Study in Sociology [Étude de sociologie]. Translated by Spaulding, John A.; Simpson, George. New York, NY: THE FREE PRESS. pp. 125, 129. ISBN 978-0-684-83632-4. Thus we yawn, laugh, weep, because we see someone yawn, laugh or weep...The name of imitation must then be reserved solely for such facts if it is to have clear meaning, and we shall say: Imitation exists when the immediate antecedent of an act is the representation of a like act, previously performed by someone else; with no explicit or implicit mental operation which bears upon the intrinsic nature of the act reproduced intervening between representation and execution.

[7] Bergson, Henri (26 July 2009). "The Comic in General—The Comic Element in Forms and Movements—Expansive Force of the Comic". Laughter: an Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. Translated by Brereton L. ES L., M.A., Cloudesley; Rothwell B.A., Fred. Project Gutenberg. Laughter appears to stand in need of an echo, Listen to it carefully: it is not an articulate, clear, well-defined sound; it is something which would fain be prolonged by reverberating from one to another, something beginning with a crash, to continue in successive rumblings, like thunder in a mountain. Still, this reverberation cannot go on for ever. It can travel within as wide a circle as you please: the circle remains, none the less, a closed one.

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