Kaamatan
| Kaamatan | |
|---|---|
A group of bobohizan and their apprentices leads the procession of guests of honour during Kaamatan Festival, at the Hongkod Koisaan KDCA, Penampang District, Sabah | |
| Nama resmi | Kaamatan |
| Pia mega dikumbai | Tadau Kaamatan,[1] Pesta Kaamatan[2][3] |
| Diintu | Kadazan-Dusun, Murut (Kalimaran), Rungus |
| Bansa | Ethnic, cultural |
| Reti | Commemoration of Huminodun, the sacrificed Ponompuan — Daughter of Kinoingan (God)[4] |
| Pengerami | Family and other social gatherings, symbolic decoration |
| Observances | Beauty pageant of Unduk Ngadau, dance performance of Sumazau, Sugandoi singing competition, and other arts and crafts performances |
| Berengkah | 30 May |
| Tembu | 31 May |
| Haribulan | 30 Mei, 31 MeiTemplat:Infobox holiday/wd |
| Penyuah | Annual |
| Bekaul enggau | Kalimaran |
Kaamatan, Tadau Kaamatan tauka Pesta Kaamatan nya sebengkah bansa pengerami ngetau ti diintu kena 30 enggau 31 Mei ninting taun di negeri Sabah enggau Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan di Malaysia.[5][6][7]
Pengerami tu diintu raban bansa Kadazan-Dusun, Murut, enggau Rungus ninting taun kena bulan Mei nyadika pengingat piring Huminodun ngagai komuniti iya ke alai bemacham pengawa mandangka budaya enggau kraf dipandangka sepemanjai pengerami nya ulih Dewan sosial KDCA Hongkod Koisaan Pelilih Menua Penampang enggau iyas simbolik beseretai enggau pengawa begempuru.[8]
Sejarah
[edit | edit bunsu]Maya "Aum Ketuai Pelilih Menua enggau Ketuai Orang Asal" koloni Mahkota Borneo Utara dalam taun 1956, tuai asal Dusun Menua Pesisir, OKK Sedomon Gunsanad Kina, merambu ngambika pengerami Kaamatan ditukuka sereta digazet nyadi hari kemisi rama rasmi Borneo Utara dalam taun 1956.[9] Piak bekuasa kolonial British setuju enggau perambu nya maya aum besai nya lalu kena 9 Mei 1960, pengerami nya digazet piak bekuasa kolonial British nyadi hari besai rasmi ungkup kandang menua Borneo Utara,[10][11] ke alai iya dipadahka maya "Aum Ninting Taun Gerempung Kadazan" di baruh Donald Stephens ke udah nya nyadi Kepala Menteri.[12][13] Pengerami keterubah diatur dalam taun 1961 lalu dianggap nyadi pengerami ke spesial laban nya keterubah iya hari besai pengerami nya diberi status rasmi pengangkun, ke alai iya agi dikeingat enggau terang agi sereta enggau pengeransing agi ari hari pengerami merdeka taun 1963.[14]
Reti simbolik Kaamatan
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Nitihka pengarap ti dikunsi semua bansa Dusun, enggau sekeda variasyen, bansa mensia, ti ditempa Petara ti Pemadu Tinggi Kinoingan,[15] ngasaika lapar pungkang ti balat ba pun jeman.[16] Anak indu dara Kinoingan, Ponompuan (udah nya diberi nama Huminodun), udah berambun nyawa nyendiaka pemakai ungkup mensia, ngujungka pengawa ngasilka padi nyadika batang pemakai, begulai enggau utai tanam bukai ti beguna baka nyiur, rungan, lia, jagung, enggau keladi ari bagi tubuh iya ti bebida.[16][17] Mitos nya madahka agi Huminodun diubah nyadi Bambaazon, semengat ti pansut ari jag besai ti ngundan padi ti diketau mensia ba hari keterubah.[18][19] Siti aspek ti beguna amat dalam mitos nya nyengkaum jaku ajar Huminodun ti madahka, sebedau berengkah ngetau, apai patut ngambi tujuh tangkai padi (dikumbai toguruon ), ngikat iya ba sepiak ujung kayu buluh ti udah disambung, nanam iya ba tengah-tengah umai, lalu udah nya nyimpan iya dalam kontena padi pengudah ngetau.[20] Tujuh tangkai padi tu melambangka semengat padi, bambaazon (tauka bambarayon dalam dialek menua pesisir), ti dipelabaka nyadika kebuah asil ti mayuh.[21]

Cherita penempa tu nyadika palan tengah dalam sistem pengarap asal bansa Dusun lalu nyadika pelasar mayuh macham ritual ti dikereja ninting taun maya ngetau padi.[20] Pekara ti pemadu besai reti ari ritual tu iya nya pengerami magavau, ti betuaika bala pakar ritual ti dikelala enggau nama bobohizan, dikena ngulihka baru biji-biji padi ti engka lenyau tauka ditinggalka ba umai, mai Bambaazon enggau sida lalu enggau nya nagang penanggul suntuk utai tanam jemah ila.[21][22] Ritual bekaul enggau ngetau nya ke pemadu beguna dalam taun nya, ti ngaul pengerami enggau pengerami makai besai dalam kampung. Siti agi ritual asal iya nya moginakan, ke begunaka belanja ti besai sereta diatur maya ngetau kelebih agi manah, sereta mega maya pengawa baka ngaga baru rumah, beranak, tauka gerai ari penyakit.[20]
Pengawa maya pengerami
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Kaamatan suah diintu etnik Kadazan-Dusun, pia mega etnik bukai ke bekaul di negeri tu baka Murut (diberi nama Kalimaran) enggau Rungus, lalu pengerami nya dipejalaika sepemanjai bulan Mei, lalu diujungka enggau hari kemisi rama ba haribulan ke dipilih siku manang indu ke dikelala enggau nama bobohizan.[23][24]
Pekit pemajik ke dikelala enggau nama Unduk Ngadau deka diatur lalu nya ngujungka pengerami ngetau enggau Unduk Ngadau ke baru dipegai ba pelilih tuan rumah ninting taun, Penampang. Pesta Ngetau tu datai ari baruh ambit utai ke dikelala enggau nama Momolianisme, sistem pengarap enggau falsafah pengidup Kadazan-Dusun. Bisi mega pengawa mandangka main ke dikumbai Sumazau begulai enggau mayuh macham gaya main enggau pengawa mandangka tiap sub-raban Kadazan-Dusun ke bebida begulai enggau pekit belagu ke dikumbai Sugandoi, pekit ngangkatka tubuh, sereta pengawa mandangka seni enggau kraf bukai.[25] Pekit baka malu gong enggau lumba enggau main rayat baka: mipulos (gusti lengan), mipadsa (gusti buku lali), monopuk (paip tiup), momolositik (setik), enggau migayat lukug (tarik tali) mega udah nyadi siti ari batang pengawa ba pengerami tu.[25]
Ai irup ke tebilang maya pengerami tu iya nya tapai (baka tuak) enggau kinomol, iya nya ai irup asal alak. Tapai diirup ari periuk buluh mit ti dikelala enggau nama sumbiling tauka ari gelas khas ti dikumbai singgarung, sama mega digaga ari buluh.[26]
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Laki Dusun ke ngena pekayan asal ngirup tapai ngena stro ari jag maya Kaamatan
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Raban adat merindang maya Kaamatan
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Orang Dusun Tobilung ngena gari asal sida maya Kaamatan
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Belagu maya Kaamatan
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Pemerindang lagu ari Dusun Kimaragang
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Bemacham aksesori ke dijual maya Kaamatan
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Bemacham kedai dibuka maya pengerami Kaamatan ba KDCA
Penyanding
[edit | edit bunsu]- ↑ "Perayaan Tadau Kaamatan" [Tadau Kaamatan Festival]. Ministry of Communication, Malaysia (in Melayu). Archived from the original on 8 May 2025. Retrieved 8 May 2025.
- ↑ "Pesta Kaamatan" [Kaamatan Festival]. Sabah State Library (in Melayu). Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2025.
- ↑ "Harvest Festival (Pesta Kaamatan)". Sabah Tourism. Archived from the original on 8 May 2025. Retrieved 8 May 2025.
- ↑ "The Kaamatan cultural meanings and purposes". Kadazan-Dusun Cultural Association (KDCA). Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
- ↑ "Events Calendar [Public Holiday]". Government of Sabah. 2025. Archived from the original on 22 February 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
- ↑ "State of Sabah [Holidays Ordinance] (Sabah Cap. 56)]" (PDF). The State Attorney-General's Chambers of Sabah. 2010. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
- ↑ "Jadual Hari Kelepasan Am Persekutuan 2025" [Federal General Holiday Schedule 2025] (PDF). Cabinet, Constitutional and Intergovernmental Relations Division, Prime Minister's Department, Malaysia (in Melayu). 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 April 2025. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
- ↑ Roslyna, Geena (2 May 2025). "Kaamatan: A Celebration of Culture, Spirit & Community". Hello Sabah. Retrieved 8 May 2025.
- ↑ Thien, David (3 June 2022). "Sedomon first to request the Kaamatan holiday". Daily Express. Archived from the original on 30 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.
- ↑ Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Malaysia 2006.
- ↑ Gin 2017.
- ↑ "Kadazan Society Sabah Hontog Kaamatan May 7". The Borneo Post. 30 April 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2025 – via PressReader.
- ↑ Luping, Herman (21 May 2017). "Kaamatan is for Unity for all". Daily Express. Archived from the original on 7 May 2025. Retrieved 7 May 2025.
- ↑ Universiti Sains Malaysia 1990.
- ↑ Zaenuddin et al. 2015.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Hong Chieh, Yow (30 May 2024). "What Is Kaamatan and Why Is It Celebrated?". Explore AirAsia. Archived from the original on 24 April 2025. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
- ↑ "Kaamatan, A Celebration of Culture". Sabah Tourism. Archived from the original on 24 April 2025. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
- ↑ Leong 1992.
- ↑ "Kaamatan: How it's celebrated today and why it's a highlight". Borneo Eco Tours. 9 June 2023. Archived from the original on 26 April 2025. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Barlocco 2011.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Kok On & Yok Fee 2012.
- ↑ "Lagenda Pesta Kaamatan [Asal Usul Magavou]" [The Legend of the Kaamatan Festival [The Origin of Magavou]]. Sabah Education Department (in Melayu). Archived from the original on 7 September 2003. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
- ↑ "11 Things About Kaamatan And Gawai You Should Know Before Going To Sabah Or Sarawak". Says.com. 29 May 2017. Archived from the original on 7 May 2025. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ↑ Barlocco 2010.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Perayaan Rasmi [Pesta Kaamatan]" [Official Celebration [Kaamatan Festival]]. Penampang Municipal Council (in Melayu). Archived from the original on 7 May 2025. Retrieved 8 May 2025.
- ↑ Mohamad (Wan.) 2010.
Bibliografi
[edit | edit bunsu]- Journal of Malaysian Studies (in Melayu). Universiti Sains Malaysia. 1990.
- Hari-hari perayaan masyarakat Malaysia [Malaysian community holidays]. Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Malaysia. 2006. ISBN 978-983-3374-11-3.
- Mohamad (Wan.), Ramli Wan (2010). Malaysian Customs and Traditions. National Department for Culture and Arts, Ministry of Information, Communication and Culture, Malaysia. ISBN 978-967-5552-01-4.
- Zaenuddin, Dundin; Wiratri, Amorisa; Hidayat, Anang; Nadila, Syarfina Mahya (2015). Myth, Local Wisdom, and Forest Management in Southeast Asia: A Case Study in Malaysia. PSDR LIPI. ISBN 978-602-7797-51-2.
- Gin, Ooi Keat (18 December 2017). Historical Dictionary of Malaysia. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-0885-7.
Laman web ke bukai
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Media bekaul enggau Kaamatan ba Wikimedia Commons