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Johor

Ari Wikipedia
Johor
Negeri
Negeri dan Jajahan Takluk Johor Darul Ta'zim
نݢري دان جاجهن تعلوق جوهر دارالتّعظيم‎
Ke bukai transkripsyen
 • Jawiجوهر‎
 • China柔佛
 • Tamilஜொகூர்
Jokūr (Transliteration)
Menira Johor
Flag
Lambang negeri Johor
Coat of arms
Nama gela: 
Darul Ta'zim[1]
دارالتّعظيم‎
Abode of Dignity[2]
Rambai jaku: 
Kepada Allah Berserah[1]
کڤد الله برسراه‎
To Allah We Surrender[1]
Lagu menua: Lagu Bangsa Johor
لاݢو بڠسا جوهر‎
Johor State Anthem
   Johor in    Malaysia
OpenStreetMap
Map
Coordinates: 1°59′27″N 103°28′58″E / 1.99083°N 103.48278°E / 1.99083; 103.48278
Menua Malaysia
Indu nengeri
(enggau nengeri pemadu besai) 		Johor Bahru[a][3]
Indu nengeri dirajaMuar
Perintah
 • BansaParliamentary constitutional monarchy
 • SultanIbrahim Ismail
 • RegentTunku Ismail
 • Kepala MenteriOnn Hafiz Ghazi
(BN–UMNO)
Pemesai
[4]
 • Penyampau19,166 km2 (7,400 sq mi)
Peninggi ari tikas tasik
pemadu atas
(Gunung Ledang)
1,276 m (4,186 ft)
Penyampau mensia
 (2023)[4]
 • Penyampau4,100,900 (2nd)
 • Penias209.2/km2 (542/sq mi)
Demograri (2023)[5]
 • Ethnic composition
 • JakuMelayu Johor-Riau  • Melayu Terengganu • Jakun • Duano' • Orang Seletar
jaku raban bansa minoriti ke bukai
State Index
 • HDI (2022)0.794 (high) (10th)[6]
 • TFR (2017)2.1[4]
 • GDP (2021)RM131.1 billion, USD29.26 billion[4]
 • GDP per capita (2021)RM32,696, USD7,297 [4]
Zon Jam
Zon JamUTC+8 (MST[7])
Postal code
79xxx[8] to 86xxx,[9] 73400
Calling code07[b]
06 (Muar and Tangkak)[10]
Kod ISO 3166MY-01, 21–24[11]
Rejista perengka pengangkutJ[12]
Kesultanan Johor1528
Sempekat Inggeris–Johor1885
Johor State Constitution14 April 1895
Menua dilindung British1914
Pemegai Jipun31 Januari 1942
Penama ngagai Federasyen Malaya1948
Meredeka nyadi bagi ari Federasyen Malaya31 August 1957
Nyadi bagi ari Malaysia16 September 1963
Laman webwww.johor.gov.my Edit tu ba Wikidata
^[a] Kota Iskandar, Iskandar Puteri is the state administrative centre and the seat of the Johor state government (executive branch & legislative branch). However, Johor Bahru remains the official capital of the Johor state.
^[b] Except Muar and Tangkak.

Johor Darul Ta'zim (Jawi: ‏جوهر دارالتعظيم‎‎), ti mega dikumbai Johor tauka Kesultanan Johor Moden (enda rasmi), ia nya negeri Malaysia ba selatan Semenanjung Malaysia. Johor ngembuan adan darat enggau negeri-negeri ba Malaysia ia nya Pahang ba utara sereta Melaka enggau Negeri Sembilan ba barat laut.

Asal Nama

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Mahkota Diraja di Istana Bukit Serene, Johor, diberi gela "Pemata"[13][14]

Kandang menua tu keterubah iya dikelala orang Siam ti ngentapka pendiau ba utara enggau nama Gangganu tauka Ganggayu (Reta Pemata)[15][16][17] ketegal bisi pemayuh gemala semak Sungai Johor.[18][19] Pedagang Arab ngumbai gemala tu جَوْهَر‎ (‏jauhar‎),[15][16][20] siti leka jaku ti ditinjau ari jaku Parsi گوهر‎ (gauhar), ke mega mai reti 'batu berega' tauka 'pemata'.[21] Ketegal orang ke diau ba kandang menua tu tusah deka nyebut leka jaku Arab, nama tu beinsur nyadi Johor.[22] Bisi mega eulogi Jaku Jawa Lama Nagarakretagama ti ngumbai kandang menua tu Ujong Medini ('ujung tanah'),[14] ketegal tu tanah ke pemadu selatan ba tanah besai Asia. Nama ke bukai, nengah penulis Portugis Manuel Godinho de Erédia, nujuka layar Marco Polo ngagai Ujong Tanah (ujung tanah Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) ba taun 1292.[15] Kededua nama Ujong Medini enggau Ujong Tanah udah bisi kenyau sebedau penumbuh Kesultanan Melaka. Sepemanjai kandang maya tu, sekeda nama ke bukai mega bisi baka Galoh, Lenggiu enggau Wurawari.[15][22] Johor mega dikelala enggau gela jaku Arab iya nya دارالتّعظيم‎ (Darul Ta'zim) 'Endur Peninggi'.[22]

Demografi

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Raban bansa enggau pemindah

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Templat:Historical populations Pengawa pengitung tubuh Malaysia 2023 Malaysia ngeriputka penyampau tubuh Johor manggai 4,100,900, ti nyengkaum penyampau orang ukai peranak ngemayuh 276,900, nyadika tu negeri kedua pemadu mayuh mensia ba Malaysia, pengudah Selangor.[23] Ari semua peranak Malaysia ba negeri tu, 2,464,640 (60.1%) nya Bumiputera, 1,312,128 (32.8%) nya bansa China, 246,054 (6.0%) nya bansa India.[23] Ba taun 2010, penyampau tubuh dipelaba urung 3,348,243, enggau 1,972,115 (58.9%) Bumiputera, 1,292,421(38.6%) bansa China, 237,725 (7.1%) bansa India.[5] Taja bebila bansa diau ba negeri tu, tebal orang Johor ngelala diri sida "Bangsa Johor", ti mega dikangau sebilik diraja Johor deka nyerakupka peranak negeri tu enda ngira bansa.[24] Pelilih Menua Johor Bahru, ti bisi indu nengeri Johor Bahru, kemaya tu pelilih menua kedua pemadu mayuh mensia ba Malaysia enggau penyampau tubuh 1.8 juta, naka 2023.[25]

Raban bansa ba Johor (2023)[5]
Ethnic Percent
Bumiputera
 
 60.1%
China
 
 32.8%
India
 
 6.6%
Ukai peranak Malaysia
 
 6.0%
Anak indu ari raban bansa Orang Asli Johor

Ketegal Malaysia tu sebengkah menua ti kurang nias mensia ba Asia, nengeri tu kelebih agi jarang diuan mensia, enggau tebal agi mensia mayuh bepalan ba kandang mengeri tebing tasik, laban mengeri enggau palan mengeri udah ngerembai enggau besai nengah pemansang ke baru nyadi. Kenyau taun 1991 nyentuk ke 2000, nengeri tu ngasaika pukul rata 2.39% penumbuh penyampau tubuh ninting taun, lalu Pelilih Menua Johor Bahru pemadu tinggi enggau penumbuh 4.59% lalu Pelilih Menua Segamat pemadu baruh enggau 0.07%. Penyampau penyampau tubuh nambah urung 600,000 iku ninting dekad berindik ari penambah pemansang endur diau ba pelilih menua pemansang selatan; enti gaya nya majak nyadi, Johor deka ngembuan anggar 5.6 juta iku mensia ba taun 2030, besai agi ari projeksyen perintah 4 juta iku.[26]

Johor entara palan ke pemadu dikerinduka ekspatriat ba kandang menua tu. Penuduk geografi iya ti strategik udah meri pangka ngagai pemansang negeri tu ti jampat nyadi hab perengka pengangkut enggau industri Malaysia, nempa pengawa puang sereta matak migran ari nengeri bukai enggau menua tasik, kelebih agi ari Singapura, China, Indonesia, Filipina, Vietnam, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India enggau Pakistan. Naka taun 2018, semak dua pertiga pengereja pengawa ari menua luar di Malaysia bepalan di Johor, Kuala Lumpur enggau Selangor, nitihka Bank Dunya.[27] Ketegal pemansang ke jampat sereta ekonomi ke mayuh macham, Johor narit penyampau migran entara negeri ke pemadu mayuh entara semua negeri Malaysia, enggau penatai lebih 11.9 ribu iku ba taun 2020, taja pan nurun ba taun 2022.[28]

Pengarap

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Pengarap ba Johor (2022)[29][30]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 58.7%
Buddha
 
 25.9%
Kristian
 
 8.2%
Hindu
 
 6%
Nadai pengarap/Enda ditemu
 
 0.2%
Ke bukai
 
 0.3%
Endur sembiang ba Johor. Nitihka aruh jam ari kanan: Tepikung China Lama Johor Bahru, Gerija Konsepsyen Dikandung Nadai Dosa, Kuil Sri Mariamman enggau Masjid Negeri Sultan Abu Bakar.

Islam nyadi pengarap rasmi berindik penguasa Konstitusyen Johor 1895, taja pengarap ke bukai ulih dikemeranka.[31] Nitihka pengawa pengitung tubuh Malaysia 2020 penyampau orang Johor nitihka pengarap iya nya Johor 58.7% orang Islam, 25.9% orang Buddha, 8.2% orang Kristian, 6% orang Hindu, 0.1% orang ti nitihka pengarap ke bukai, 0.2% Taois tauka orang ke nitih pengarap asal China, sereta 0.2% enda bepengarap.[29] Pengawa ngitung tubuh nya nunjukka 80.2% ari penyampau tubuh bansa China di Johor ngelala diri nyadi pengarap Buddha, enggau minoriti ke signifikan ngelala diri nyadi pengarap Kristian (18.2%), pengarap asal China (1.6%) enggau Islam (0.2%). Majoriti peranak India ngelala diri nyadi pengarap Hindu (73.5%), enggau minoriti ke signifikan ngelala diri nyadi orang Kristian (6.1%), Islam (9.2%) enggau Buddha (2.8%). Komuniti bumiputera ukai Melayu tebal agi bepengarap Kristian (68.3%), enggau minoriti ke signifikan ngelala diri nyadi orang Islam (21.6%) enggau Buddha (15%). Entara populasyen majoriti, semua bumiputera Melayu ngelala diri bepengarap Islam.[29]

Jaku

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Tanda bemacham jaku dalam jaku Melayu, Inggeris, China enggau Tamil ba siti restoran di Johor Bahru.

Pengambis mayuh orang Johor sekurang-kurang nemu dua jaku, lalu jaku Melayu nyadi jaku rasmi ba Johor.[32] Orang ke multilingual tau mega landik bejaku Inggeris, jaku China enggau jaku Tamil.[33]

Jaku Melayu Johor, ti mega dikelala enggau nama Jaku Melayu Johor-Riau sereta asal iya dikena ba Johor, Riau, Pulau-pulau Riau, Melaka, Selangor enggau Singapura, udah diambi nyadi pelasar ungkup kededua jaku Melayu Malaysia enggau jaku Indonesia.[34] Ketegal penuduk Johor ba titik betemu jalai dagang Asia Tenggara Maritim sereta pengaruh besejarah, dialek tu nyadi lingua franca kandang menua nya kenyau kurun ke-15; lalu dialek nya diambi nyadi pelasar jaku nasional Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia enggau Singapura.[35] Bisi mega jaku-jaku ke bisi kaul ti mega dikena ba Johor baka jaku Orang Seletar (dikena sepemanjai Selat Johor enggau ba utara Singapura), jaku Orang Kanaq language (dikena ba sekeda endur ba tenggara Johor), jaku Jakun (dikena ba kandang menua pesisir Johor), jaku Temuan (dikena semak batas enggau Pahang sereta Negeri Sembilan) enggau jaku Orang Kuala (dikena sepemanjai pantai barat daya Johor). Jaku Melayu Terengganu, leman jaku Melayu ti bebida, dikena ba pelilih menua Mersing semak batas Rompin, Pahang.[36]

Raban dialek jaku China ti bemayuh macham dikena komuniti bansa China di negeri nya, nyengkaum jaku Hokkien, Teochew, Hakka, Kanton, Hainan, Foochow, enggau Henghua.

Komuniti India pengambis mayuh ngena jaku Tamil. Bisi mega orang Malayali ba sekeda endur di Segamat, Johor Bahru enggau Masai, ti ngena Malayalam nyadi jaku tangkai mengandai sida. Kelimpah ari nya, bisi mega orang ke ngena jaku India ti mit agi iya nya Bengali, Telugu, enggau Punjabi. Mayuh orang bansa Malayali enggau Telugu suah dikategorika nyadi bansa Tamil ulih raban bansa Tamil empu, enggau raban bukai, laban sida ngena jaku Tamil nyadi lingua franca entara komuniti India bukai baka ba endur bukai di Semenanjung Malaysia.[37]

Ba taun 2017, Ratu Johor nyadi penaung diraja Gerempung Ngajar Jaku Inggeris Malaysia, minta rampa ti lebih kondusif ungkup raban nembiak Malaysia nguasa jaku Inggeris laban bisi penurun ti drastik ba pengelandik ba raban nembiak rebak baru Malaysia.[38][39]

Kereban sanding

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Maklumat Kenegaraan (Negeri Johor Darul Ta'zim)" [Statehood Information (State of Johor Darul Ta'zim)] (in Melayu). Ministry of Communications and Multimedia (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  2. ↑ Mohd Farhaan Shah Farhaan (23 March 2016). "A rich legacy". Star2. Retrieved 8 July 2018 – via PressReader.
  3. ↑ "MAIN INDICATOR IN M.B. JOHOR BAHRU". MyCenDash. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "Johor @ a Glance". Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Total population by ethnic group, administrative district and state, Malaysia" (PDF). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
  6. ↑ "Subnational Human Development Index (2.1) [Johor – Malaysia]". Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  7. ↑ Helmer Aslaksen (28 June 2012). "Time Zones in Malaysia". Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  8. ↑ "Postal codes in Johor". cybo.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  9. ↑ "Postal codes in Kluang". cybo.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  10. ↑ "Area codes in Johor". cybo.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  11. ↑ "State Code". Malaysian National Registration Department. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  12. ↑ Teh Wei Soon (23 March 2015). "Some Little Known Facts On Malaysian Vehicle Registration Plates". Malaysian Digest. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  13. ↑ S. Durai Raja Singam (1962). Malayan Place Names. Liang Khoo Printing Company.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 John Krich (8 April 2015). "Johor: Jewel of Malaysia". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "Ancient names of Johor". New Straits Times. 21 February 2009. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Tang Ruxyn (26 April 2017). "The Stories And Facts Behind How The 13 States Of Malaysia Got Their Names". Says.com. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  17. ↑ "Facts About Johor". Johor Tourism. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  18. ↑ Abdul Latip bin Talib (14 July 2014). Moyang Salleh [Salleh Great-grandparent] (in Melayu). PTS Litera Utama. pp. 34–. ISBN 978-967-408-158-4.
  19. ↑ "The origins of the word Johor". Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  20. ↑ "Johor History". Johor State Investment Centre. 2009. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  21. ↑ Jonathan Rigg (1862). A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java. Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. pp. 177–.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 "Origin of Place Names – Johor". National Library of Malaysia. 2000. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Population by States and Ethnic Group". Department of Information, Ministry of Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia. 2015. Archived from the original on 12 February 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  24. ↑ "Poll: One in 10 Johorians identify as 'Bangsa Johor' first, Malaysians second". The Malay Mail. 19 November 2017. Archived from the original on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  25. ↑ Bernama (2023-08-29). "Petaling District has highest population, density in 2023 - DOSM". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
  26. ↑ Francis E Hutchinson; Terence Chong (14 June 2016). The SIJORI Cross-Border Region: Transnational Politics, Economics, and Culture. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 48–. ISBN 978-981-4695-58-9.
  27. ↑ "Who is Keeping Score? Estimating the Number of Foreign Workers in Malaysia" (PDF). documents1.worldbank.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-01-31. Retrieved 2025-07-07.
  28. ↑ "MIGRATION SURVEY REPORT, MALAYSIA, 2020". Department of Statistics Malaysia. 19 August 2021.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 "Taburan Penduduk dan Ciri-ciri asas demografi (Population Distribution and Basic demographic characteristics 2010)" (PDF). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 2010. p. 13 [26/156]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  30. ↑ "Key Findings of Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020" (pdf) (in Melayu and Inggeris). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. ISBN 978-967-2000-85-3.
  31. ↑ Kristen Stilt (25 July 2015). "Contextualizing constitutional Islam: The Malayan experience". International Journal of Constitutional Law. 3 (2). Oxford Academic: 407–433. doi:10.1093/icon/mov031. Article 57 of the 1895 Constitution of Johor provided that: What is called the 'Religion of the State' for this Territory and State of Johor is the Muslim Religion, and such being the case, the Muslim Religion shall continuously and forever be, and be acknowledged to be, and spoken of as, the 'State Religion.
  32. ↑ "Pentadbiran Johor".
  33. ↑ "Johor Sultan: Use education system to promote unity". The Star. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  34. ↑ Asmah Haji Omar (2004). The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Languages and literature. Archipelago Press. ISBN 9789813018525.
     • Cynthia Chou (16 October 2009). The Orang Suku Laut of Riau, Indonesia: The Inalienable Gift of Territory. Routledge. pp. 6–. ISBN 978-1-134-43033-8.
     • Michael Clyne (24 May 2012). Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 413–. ISBN 978-3-11-088814-0.
  35. ↑ Asmah Haji Omar (16 December 2015). Languages in the Malaysian Education System: Monolingual strands in multilingual settings. Routledge. pp. 53–. ISBN 978-1-317-36421-4.
  36. ↑ Cecilia Odé (1997). Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: Leiden 22–27 August 1994. Rodopi. pp. 36–. ISBN 978-90-420-0253-1.
  37. ↑ Deva Babu, Kathreine; Nora Riget, Patricia (2023). "Language Shift and Maintenance: A Case Study of the Telugu Community in Bagan Datoh, Perak (Malaysia)" (PDF). Journal of Modern Languages. 33 (1): 16/28. doi:10.22452/jml.vol33no1.1 – via eJournal University of Malaya.
  38. ↑ "Johor Permaisuri urges more effort to increase English language proficiency among young people". Bernama. The Malay Mail. 1 October 2017. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  39. ↑ Yee Xiang Yun (1 October 2017). "Raja Zarith: Stem decline in English language proficiency". The Star. Retrieved 28 March 2018.

Bacha ke silik agi

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  • Richard Olof Winstedt (1932). "A History of Johore (1673—ca. 1800 A.D.) / حكايت نكري جوهر". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 10 (1): 164–170. JSTOR 41587442.
  • Leonard Y. Andaya (1975). The Kingdom of Johor 1641–1728. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-580322-8.
  • Richard Olof Winstedt; Khoo Kay Kim; Ismail Hussein (1993). "A history of Johore, 1365-1941". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 66 (1): 87–89. JSTOR 41486192.
  • Patricia Lim Pui Huen (1998). "Past and Present Juxtaposed: The Chinese of Nineteenth Century Johor". Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia. 13 (1): 114–138. JSTOR 41056979.
  • Peter Borschberg (2002). "The Seizure of the Sta. Catarina Revisited: The Portuguese Empire in Asia, VOC Politics and the Origins of the Dutch-Johor Alliance (1602 – c. 1616)". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 33 (1). Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Cambridge University Press: 31–62. doi:10.1017/S0022463402000024. S2CID 154935503.
  • Raimy Ché-Ross (2004). "The 'Lost City' of Kota Gelanggi: An Exploratory Essay Based on Textual Evidence and An Excursion into 'Aerial Archaeology'". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 77 (2): 27–58. JSTOR 41493524.
  • Carl A. Trocki (2007). Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784–1885. NUS Press. ISBN 978-9971-69-376-3.
  • Peter Borschberg (2010). The Singapore and Melaka Straits: Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th Century. National University of Singapore, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies. ISBN 978-9-06-718364-2.
  • Peter Borschberg (2011). Hugo Grotius, the Portuguese and Free Trade in the East Indies. National University of Singapore. ISBN 978-9-97-169467-8.
  • Peter Borschberg (2015). Journal, Memorial and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge. Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-Century Southeast Asia. National University of Singapore. ISBN 978-9-97-169798-3.
  • Peter Borschberg (2015). Jacques de Coutre's Singapore and Johor, 1594-c. 1625. National University of Singapore. ISBN 978-9-97-169852-2.
  • Peter Borschberg (2017). "The value of Admiral Matelieff's writings for studying the history of Southeast Asia, c. 1600–1620". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 48 (3). National University of Singapore, Cambridge University Press: 414–435. doi:10.1017/S002246341700056X.
  • Kwa Chong Guan; Peter Borschberg (2018). Studying Singapore before 1800. National University of Singapore. ISBN 978-981-4722-74-2.

Laman web ke bukai

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Diambi ari "https://iba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johor&oldid=19309"