Jaku Māori
| Māori | |
|---|---|
| Māori, te reo Māori | |
| Sebut | [ˈmaːɔɾi] |
| Dikena ba | New Zealand |
| Menua | Polynesia |
| Bansa | Māori |
Penyampau orang ke bejaku | 50,000 (well or very well) (2015)[1] 186,000 (some knowledge) (2018)[2] |
Pumpun jaku | Austronesia
|
| Latin (Māori alphabet) Māori Braille | |
| Status resmi | |
Jaku rasmi ba | New Zealand |
| Diatur | Māori Language Commission |
| Kod jaku | |
| ISO 639-1 | mi |
| ISO 639-2 | mao (B) mri (T) |
| ISO 639-3 | mri |
| ELP | Māori |
| Linguasphere | 39-CAQ-a |
| IETF | mi-NZ |
 Māori dikelas UNESCO nyadi "Tentu Deka Punas" dalam Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010). | |
Jaku Maori (endonim: te reo Māori [tɛ ɾɛɔ ˈmaːɔɾi ], 'jaku Māori', mega dipandakka ngagai te reo) nya jaku Polinesia Timur enggau jaku bansa Māori, peranak asal tanah besai New Zealand. Kaban jaku Austronesia ke pemadu selatan, iya bekaul enggau jaku Māori Pulau Cook, Tuamotuan, enggau Tahiti. Akta Jaku Māori 1987 meri pengangkun ngagai jaku nya nyadi siti ari jaku rasmi New Zealand. Bisi dialek pelilih menua jaku Māori.[3] Sebedau begulai enggau orang Eropah, bansa Māori nadai ngembuan jaku tauka skrip betulis. Jaku Māori ti ditulis diatu ngena skrip Latin, ti diterima lalu sepil nya ditukuka standard ulih bansa Māori Utara enggau kerejasama paderi Protestan Inggeris ba kurun ke-19.
Ba tengan kedua abad ke-19, nembiak bansa Eropah ba menua pesisir bejaku Māori enggau nembiak bansa Māori. Udah nyadi utai ke suah nyadi ba apai indai ke tebilang ba bala nembiak tu, baka pemesai perintah, ngena jaku Māori ba genturung pendiau.[3][4] Pejaku Māori nurun ketegal penyampau tubuh orang Eropah ti majak nambah sereta polisi pelajar ti diteritka perintah; ba pun kurun ke-20 pengawa ngena iya ditagang ba palan bemain sekula enggau kelas di serata menua. Penyampau orang ke bejaku nya nurun enggau jampat pengudah taun 1945,[5] tang pengawa ngangkatka jaku Māori berengkah ba ujung kurun ke-20 lalu ngelaunka penurun nya. Kebut protes Māori enggau renaissance Māori dalam taun 1970-an ngasuh penyedar enggau sukung sosial ti besai agi ngagai jaku nya.[6]
Pengawa ngitung tubuh New Zealand taun 2018 ngeriputka urung 190,000 iku orang, tauka 4% ari penyampau tubuh, ulih ngatur randau ninting hari dalam jaku Māori. Naka taun 2015, 55% ari orang besai tuai Māori ngeriputka bisi sekeda penemu jaku nya; ari penyampau nya, 64% ngena jaku Māori ba rumah lalu urung 50,000 iku orang ulih bejaku ngena jaku nya enggau "manah".[7] Naka taun 2023, urung 7% nembiak sekula primari enggau sekondari New Zealand diajar penuh tauka sebagi dalam jaku Māori, lalu 24% agi belajarka jaku Māori nyadi jaku tambah.[8]
Dalam adat Māori, jaku tu dianggap entara jaku ti pemadu besai ari semua taonga, tauka reta tengkira budaya.[9][10] Jaku Māori dikelala enggau puisi enggau prosa metafora,[11][12] suah agi dalam tukuh karakia, whaikōrero, whakapapa enggau karanga, enggau dalam seni pemerindang baka mōteatea, waiata, enggau haka.[13]
Nama
[edit | edit bunsu]Leka jaku Inggeris Maori tu nginjau ari jaku Māori, ke alai iya disepil Māori. Ba New Zealand, jaku Māori suah disebut enggau nama te reo [tɛˈɾɛ.ɔ ] ("jaku"), penyingkat ari te reo Māori ("jaku Māori").[14]
Sepil jaku Māori ⟨Māori⟩ (enggau makron) udah nyadi suah dikena dalam jaku English New Zealand dalam beberapa taun ke udah, kelebih agi dalam konteks budaya spesifik Māori,[14][15] taja pan sepil jaku English tradisional ti enda ngena makron agi kekadang dipeda ba media rama enggau guna perintah.[16]
Kereban sanding
[edit | edit bunsu]- ↑ "Ngā puna kōrero: Where Māori speak te reo – infographic". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ↑ "2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights (updated)". Statistics New Zealand. 30 April 2020. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "History of the Māori language". nzhistory.govt.nz (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2024-03-14.
- ↑ "The Post". www.thepost.co.nz. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
- ↑ Ko Aotearoa tēnei: A report into claims concerning New Zealand law and policy affecting Māori culture and identity – Te taumata tuarua (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: Waitangi Tribunal. 2011. ISBN 978-1-869563-01-1. Wai 262. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- ↑ "Māori Language Issues – Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori – Māori Language Commission". 2002-01-02. Archived from the original on 2 January 2002. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
- ↑ "Ngā puna kōrero: Where Māori speak te reo – infographic". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ↑ "Māori language in schooling". Education Counts. New Zealand Ministry of Education. October 2023.
- ↑ "Te reo Māori (Māori language)". New Zealand Government (in New Zealand English). 2021-07-07. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
- ↑ TAONGA, RIGHTS AND INTERESTS: SOME OBSERVATIONS ON WAI 262 AND THE FRAMEWORK OF PROTECTIONS FOR THE MĀORI LANGUAGE – Stephens, Māmari, (2010) NZACL YEARBOOK 16
- ↑ Cowan, James: The Maori: Yesterday and To-day Author: Publication details: Whitcombe and Tombs Limited, 1930, Christchurch.
- ↑ Krupa, Victor: METAPHORS IN MAORI VOCABULARY AND TRADITIONAL POETRY* (2006) Institute of Oriental Studies, Slovak Academy of Sciences
- ↑ Taylor, Richard (1855). Te Ika a Maui; or, New Zealand and its inhabitants: illustrating the origin, manners, customs, mythology, religion, rites, songs, proverbs, fables, and language of the natives : together with the geology, natural history, productions, and climate of the country; its state as regards Christianity; sketches of the principal chiels, and their present position. London: Wertheim and Macintosh. p. 72. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Higgins, Rawinia; Keane, Basil (1 September 2015). "Te reo Māori – the Māori language". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ↑ "Māori Language Act 1987 No 176 (as at 30 April 2016), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation". legislation.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ↑ For example: "Maori and the Local Government Act". New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2017.