Pegi ngagai isi

Identiti gender

Ari Wikipedia

Identiti gender iya nya asai diri empu pasal gender diri empu.[1] Identiti gender tau bisi kaul enggau seks ti diberi ngagai sesiku orang tauka tau bebida ari nya. Ba tebal agi individu, mayuh macham penentu biologi seks nya kongruen sereta setipak enggau identiti gender individu nya.[2] Ekspresyen gender biasa iya ngayanka identiti gender sesiku orang, tang tu ukai seruran nyadi.[3][4] Taja pan sesiku orang tau mantaika ulah, gaya, enggau gamal ti setipak enggau sesebengkah pengawa gender, tang ekspresyen ti baka nya engka enda tentu ngayanka identiti gender sida. Leka jaku identiti gender tu ditempa profesor psikiatri Robert J. Stoller dalam taun 1964 lalu dipopular pakar psikologi John Money.[5][6][7]

Dalam tebal agi raban bansa, bisi bagi pelasar entara penteba gender ti bekaul enggau lelaki enggau indu, binari gender ti dipegai tebal agi orang lalu ti nyengkaum pengadang maskuliniti enggau femininiti dalam semua sukut seks enggau gender: seks biologi, identiti gender, ekspresyen gender, enggau orientasyen seksual.[8][9][10] Sekeda orang enda ngelala sekeda, tauka semua, aspek gender ti bekaul enggau seks biologi sida; sekeda ari orang nya transgender, ukai binari, tauka genderkuira. Bisi sekeda raban bansa bisi kategori gender ketiga.[11]

Bup taun 2012 Introduction to Behavioral Science in Medicine madahka enggau penyeliah, "Identiti gender mansang enggau jampat ba taun-taun tumu nembiak mit, lalu ba majoriti insiden tampak nyadi sekurang-kurang iya sebagi enda ulih diputarka maya umur 3 tauka 4 taun".[12][13] Gerempung Endokrin udah madahka "Bukti saintifik ti chukup mayuh udah pansut mandangka elemen biologi ti tan lama ti nyadika pun identiti gender. Individu engka ngaga pilih ketegal faktor bukai dalam pengidup sida, tang baka ke nadai kuasa luar ti amat ngasuh identiti gender berubah."[14] Konstruktivis sosial madahka identiti gender, tauka chara iya dipandangka, digaga ngena chara sosial, ditentuka pengaruh budaya enggau sosial. Konstruktivisme ti bansa tu enda tentu enda setipak enggau pemisi identiti gender ti bisi dalam diri, laban iya engka ekspresyen gender nya ti bebida nitihka budaya.[15]

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  1. ↑ Morrow DF (2006). "Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Expression.". In Morrow DF, Messinger L (eds.). Sexual orientation and gender expression in social work practice: working with gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 3–17 (8). ISBN 978-0-231-50186-6. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021. Gender identity refers to an individual's personal sense of identity as masculine or feminine, or some combination thereof.
  2. ↑ Bhargava A, Arnold AP, Bangasser DA, Denton KM, Gupta A, Hilliard Krause LM, et al. (May 2021). "Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement". Endocrine Reviews. 42 (3): 219–258. doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa034. PMC 8348944. PMID 33704446.
  3. ↑ Summers RW (2016). Social Psychology: How Other People Influence Our Thoughts and Actions [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 232. ISBN 9781610695923.
  4. ↑ American Psychological Association (December 2015). "Guidelines for psychological practice with transgender and gender nonconforming people". The American Psychologist. 70 (9): 832–864. doi:10.1037/a0039906. PMID 26653312. S2CID 1751773.
  5. ↑ "Dr. John Money, pioneer in sexual identity, dies". NBC News. 9 July 2006. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  6. ↑ Bevan TE (2015). The psychobiology of transsexualism and transgenderism: a new view based on scientific evidence. Santa Barbara, California: Bloomsbury. p. 40. ISBN 978-1440831270.
  7. ↑ Stoller RJ (November 1964). "The Hermaphroditic Identity of Hermaphrodites". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 139 (5): 453–457. doi:10.1097/00005053-196411000-00005. PMID 14227492. S2CID 22585295.
  8. ↑ Martin GN, Carlson NR, Buskist W (2009). "Psychology and Neuroscience". Psychology: The Science of Behaviour (4th ed.). Toronto, Canada: Pearson. pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-0-205-64524-4. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  9. ↑ Eller JD (2015). Culture and diversity in the United States: so many ways to be American. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-317-57578-8. most Western societies, including the United States, traditionally operate with a binary notion of sex/gender
  10. ↑ "Sexual Orientation & Homosexuality". American Psychological Association. 2020. Archived from the original on February 16, 2019. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
  11. ↑ MacKenzie GO (1994). Transgender nation. Bowling Green, OH: Popular Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-87972-596-9. transvestites [who do not identify with the dress assigned to their sex] existed in almost all societies; Zastrow C (2013). Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People. Cengage Learning. p. 234. ISBN 978-1-285-54580-6. There are records of males and females crossing over throughout history and in virtually every culture. It is simply a naturally occurring part of all societies. (quoting the North Alabama Gender Center)
  12. ↑ Bukatko D, Daehler MW (2004). Child Development: A Thematic Approach (in Inggeris). Houghton Mifflin. p. 495. ISBN 978-0-618-33338-7.
  13. ↑ Hine FR, Carson RC, Maddox GL, Thompson Jr RJ, Williams RB (2012). Introduction to Behavioral Science in Medicine (in Inggeris). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-4612-5452-2. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  14. ↑ "Transgender Health". www.endocrine.org (in Inggeris). December 16, 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  15. ↑ "Gender identity". Encyclopædia Britannica (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
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