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Gerija Ortodoks Timur

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Gerija Ortodoks Timur
Katedral Sante George, Istanbul, Turki
KlasifikasyenKristian
OrientasyenOrtodoks Timur
Teks pengarap
TeologiEastern Orthodox theology
PolitiEpiscopal
StrukturCommunion
Primus inter paresBartholomew,
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
MenuaPrimarily Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Northern Asia, Levant, Egypt, Northern America, Near East, Caucasia, Cyprus[1]
JakuKoine Greek, Church Slavonic, and other vernacular[2][3][4]
LiturgiByzantine Rite (predominant)
Western Rite
PemungkalJesus Kristus, nitihka tradisyen tuchi
AsalKurun ke-1
Judaea, Roman Empire[5][6][7]
Kaban220,266,000 (2020)
Nama bukaiOrthodox Church, Orthodox Christian Church, Orthodox Catholic Church
Bagi ari siri
Kristian
Principal symbol of Christianity
Kristian
Nicene
Restorationist
Related topics
Christ Pantocrator, kurun kenam, Monasteri Sante Katerine, Sinai; ikon pemadu Kristus pemadu tuai ti ditemu, dalam siti ari monasteri pemadu tuai di dunya

Gerija Ortodoks Timur, nama rasmi iya Gerija Katolik Ortodoks,[8][9][10] pia mega dikumbai Gerija Ortodoks Gerika[11] tauka mina Gerija Ortodoks, nya siti ari tiga raban doktrin enggau bidang kuasa besai pengarap Kristian.[12][13] Naka taun 2012, iya ngembuan urung 300 juta iku pengarap lalu nyadi komuniti pengarap ketiga pemadu besai di dunya pengudah Katolik enggau Islam Sunni.[14][15] Naka taun 2020, Gerija Ortodoks Timur dipelabaka bisi 220,266,000 iku kaban.[16]

Gerija Ortodoks Timur beoperasyen nyadi komuni gerija autokefalous, tiap-tiap gerija diperintah bala bishop iya nengah sinod ba endur nya.[17] Gerija nadai ngembuan doktrin tauka kuasa perintah ti nyadi palan tengah ti sebaka enggau paus Gerija Katolik. Taja pia, Patriark Ekumenikal Konstantinopel diaku sida nyadi primus inter pares ('keterubah entara sama'),[18][19][20] gelar ke dipegai patriark Rom sebedau taun 1054.

Nyadi siti ari institusyen pengarap ke pemadu tuai ke agi bisi di dunya, Gerija Ortodoks Timur udah bejalaika tanggungpengawa kelebih agi dalam sejarah enggau budaya Eropah Timur enggau Tenggara.[21] Kenyau ari taun 2018, bisi penyerekang ke majak nyadi entara Konstantinopel enggau Moscow, enggau kededua nya enda dalam komuni penuh enggau pangan diri.

Teologi Ortodoks Timur bepelasarka Teks Kudus enggau tradisyen tuchi, ti nyengkaum dekrit dogmatik tujuh kunsil ekumenikal, enggau ajar Apai Gerija. Gerija ngajar iya nya gerija ti tunggal, kudus, katolik enggau apostolik ti ditumbuhka Jesus Kristus dalam Pengawa Besai iya,[22] lalu bala bishop iya nya orang ke nganti bala rasul Kristus.[23] Iya ngetanka pengarap asal Kristian, baka ke diturunka tradisyen kudus. Patriarki iya, ti nurun ari pentarki, enggau gerija autocephalus enggau autonomi bukai, ngayanka mayuh macham organisasyen hierarki. Iya ngelala tujuh sakramen besai (ti dikumbai misteri kudus), ke alai Ekaristi nyadi sakramen ti besai, disambut ngena chara liturgi dalam sinaksis. Gerija nya ngajar, nengah pengawa pengudus ti digaga siku paderi, ruti enggau wain ti diberi nyadika piring nyadi tubuh enggau darah Kristus ti bendar. Dara Maria dipebasa dalam Gerija Ortodoks Timur enggau gela Theotokos, ti mai reti ‘Pemai Petara’, lalu iya dipebasaka dalam devosi.

Gerija-gerija Konstantinopel, Alexandria, Jerusalem, enggau Antiok—kelimpah ari sekeda pechah komuni baka penyerekang Photian tauka penyerekang Acacian—bekunsi komuni enggau Gerija Rom nyentuk ke Penyerekang Timur–Barat ba taun 1054. Penyerekang 1054 nya pun penyarut pasal teologi, politik, enggau budaya ti majak nyadi, kelebih agi pasal kuasa paus, entara gerija-gerija nya. Sebedau Kunsil Efesus kena AD 431, Gerija Timur mega bekunsi komuni tu, pia mega bemacham Gerija Ortodoks Oriental sebedau Kunsil Chalcedon ba taun AD 451, semua beserara kelebih agi ketegal bida dalam Kristologi.

Gerija Ortodoks Timur nyadi pengakun pengarap keterubah ba Rusia, Ukraine, Romania, Gerika, Belarus, Serbia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Makedonia Utara, Saiprus, sereta Montenegro. Orang Kristian Ortodoks Timur mega siti ari pengarap ke batang ba Estonia, Bosnia enggau Herzegovina, Kosovo enggau Latvia pia mega raban ti signifikan di Siria, Lebanon, enggau menua ke bukai di Timur Tengah. Kira-kira setengah ari orang Kristian Ortodoks Timur diau ba menua-menua pasca Blok Timur, ke tebal agi di Rusia.[24][25] Komuniti ba pelilih menua Bizantium ke suba di Afrika Utara enggau Mediterranean Timur entara komuniti Ortodoks ke pemadu tuai ari Timur Tengah, ke majak kurang ketegal pemindah paksa ke dipejalai ketegal pemerinsa pengarap ke majak nambah.[26][27] Komuniti Ortodoks Timur di luar Asia Barat, Asia Mit, Kaukasia enggau Eropah Timur, nyengkaum sida ke di Amerika Utara, Eropah Barat, enggau Australia, udah ditumbuhka nengah pengawa diaspora, pengawa nukar pengarap, enggau pengawa indu misi.

Kereban sanding

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  1. ↑ "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 10 May 2017.
  2. ↑ "Eastern Orthodoxy – Worship and sacraments". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  3. ↑ Fiske, Edward B. (3 July 1970). "Greek Orthodox Vote to Use Vernacular in Liturgy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  4. ↑ "Liturgy and archaic language | David T. Koyzis". First Things. 27 October 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  5. ↑ McGuckin, John Anthony (2010). The Orthodox Church: An Introduction to its History, Doctrine, and Spiritual Culture. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1–25. ISBN 978-1-4051-5066-8.
  6. ↑ McGuckin, John Anthony (2020). The Eastern Orthodox Church: A New History. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-0-300-21876-3.
  7. ↑ Ware, Timothy (Kallistos) (2015). The Orthodox Church (3rd revised ed.). London: Penguin Books. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-0-14-198063-8.
  8. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Britannica
  9. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama ellwood
  10. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama tsichlis
  11. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama EBGreek
  12. ↑ Johnson, Todd M. "Status of Global Christianity, 2019, in the Context of 1900–2050" (PDF). Center for the Study of Global Christianity.
  13. ↑ Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri; Griffith, Sidney H.; Healey, John F., eds. (1 September 2017) [1999]. "Eastern Orthodox". The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 170. doi:10.1002/9781405166584. ISBN 978-1-4051-6658-4. The Eastern Orthodox are the second largest Christian communion, exceeded in members only by the Roman Catholic communion.
  14. ↑ Juergensmeyer, Mark (2012). Encyclopedia of Global Religion. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9780761927297.
  15. ↑ Finding Global Balance. World Bank Publications. 2005. p. 119. Retrieved 8 December 2023. His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew is the spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide.
  16. ↑ Zurlo, Gina A. (2022). Global Christianity: a guide to the world's largest religion from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Academic. ISBN 978-0-310-11361-4.
  17. ↑ "BBC – Religions – Christianity: Eastern Orthodox Church". BBC.
  18. ↑ "The Patriarch Bartholomew". 60 Minutes. CBS. 20 December 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  19. ↑ "Biography – The Ecumenical Patriarchate". Ecumenical Patriarchate. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  20. ↑ Winfield, Nicole; Fraser, Suzan (30 November 2014). "Pope Francis Bows, Asks For Blessing From Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew In Extraordinary Display Of Christian Unity". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  21. ↑ Ware 1993, p. 8.
  22. ↑ "The Orthodox Faith – Volume I – Doctrine and Scripture – The Symbol of Faith – Church". Orthodox Church in America. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  23. ↑ Meyendorff, John (1983). Byzantine Theology: Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes. Fordham University Press.
  24. ↑ Peter, Laurence (17 October 2018). "Orthodox Church split: Five reasons why it matters". BBC. The Moscow-based Russian Orthodox Church has at least 150 million followers – more than half the total of Orthodox Christians. ... But Mr Shterin, who lectures on trends in ex-Soviet republics, says some Moscow-linked parishes will probably switch to a new Kiev-led church, because many congregations 'don't vary a lot in their political preferences.'
  25. ↑ "Orthodox Christianity's geographic center remains in Central and Eastern Europe". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 8 November 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  26. ↑ Harriet Sherwood (13 January 2016). "Christians flee growing persecution in Africa and Middle East". The Guardian.
  27. ↑ Huma Haider University of Birmingham (16 February 2017). "K4D The Persecution of Christians in the Middle East" (PDF). Publishing Service U.K. Government.
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