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Eropah Tengah

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Pemandang bebida pasal Eropah Tengah
Garis entara menua budaya-ruang Eropah nitihka Komiti Tetap Nama Geografi, Jerman. Kar nya mandangka dua chara segmen-garis entara menua ti bebida ti dilapis ba pangan diri.[1]
Eropah Tengah nitihka The World Factbook (2009),[2] enggau Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (1998).

Eropah Tengah nya kandang menua geografi ba Eropah entara Eropah Timur, Selatan, Barat enggau Utara.[3][4] Eropah Tengah dikelala enggau mayuh macham budaya;[5][6] taja pia, menua ba kandang menua tu mega bisi bekunsika sekeda penyemaka sejarah enggau budaya.[7][8] Pelilih menua tu mayuh macham definisyen tang suah agi nyengkaum Austria, Kroasia, Republik Czech, Jereman, Hungari, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia enggau Switzerland.[2][1] Sepemanjai mayuh timpuh Moden Awal, kandang menua Poland enggau Lithuania nyadi sebagi ari Komanwel Poland–Lithuania. Berebak enggau nya, Empayar Ottoman datai nguasa sebagi besai Kroasia kemaya hari tu enggau Hungari kemaya hari tu, [9][10][11] enggau bagi menua selatan Slovakia kemaya hari tu.[12][13][14] Duchi Besai Austria, Perintah Bohemia (Republik Czech), Duchi Carniola (sebagi ari Slovenia kemaya hari tu), mayuh macham Prinsipaliti Jereman enggau Konfederasi Swiss Lama nya bagi ari Empayar Rom Tuchi. Maya abad ke-18, monarki Habsburg datai merintah kandang menua Austria, Kroasia, Republik Czech, Hungari, Slovakia enggau Slovenia, begulai enggau sekeda endur Serbia, Jereman, Itali enggau Switzerland.[15] Tang Bosnia enggau Herzegovina enda dikuasa Habsburg maya kurun ke-18; iya dipegai dalam taun 1878 berindik ari Kongres Berlin lalu dipegai enggau formal dalam taun 1908.[16] Entara pun abad ke-18 enggau pun abad ke-20, Eropah Tengah ngembuan mayuh orang Judah.[17]

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jordan, Peter (2005). "Großgliederung Europas nach kulturräumlichen Kriterien" [The large-scale division of Europe according to cultural-spatial criteria]. Europa Regional. 13 (4). Leipzig: Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde (IfL): 162–173. Retrieved 21 January 2019 – via Ständiger Ausschuss für geographische Namen (StAGN).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "The World Factbook: Field listing – Location". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2009. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2009.
  3. ↑ Lecture 14: The Origins of the Cold War. Historyguide.org. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  4. ↑ "Central Europe –The future of the Visegrad group". The Economist. 14 April 2005. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
  5. ↑ Rac, Katalin (2023). "Diversity and Belonging in Modern Central Europe" (PDF). University of Florida. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  6. ↑ Kolman, Ludek; Noorderhaven, Niels G.; Hofstede, Geert; Dienes, Elisabeth (February 2003). "Cross-cultural differences in Central Europe". Journal of Managerial Psychology. 18 (1): 76–88. doi:10.1108/02683940310459600. ISSN 0268-3946.
  7. ↑ "Central European Identity in Politics – Jiří Pehe" (in Czech). Conference on Central European Identity, Central European Foundation, Bratislava. 2002. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
  8. ↑ Zepetnek, Steven Tötösy de (2002). Comparative Central European Culture. Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-240-4.Templat:Page needed
  9. ↑ Moačanin, Nenad (2019), "The Ottoman Conquest and Establishment in Croatia and Slavonia", The Battle for Central Europe, Brill, pp. 277–286, doi:10.1163/9789004396234_014, ISBN 978-90-04-39623-4, retrieved 2023-12-16
  10. ↑ Szabó, János (2019), "The Ottoman Conquest in Hungary: Decisive Events (Belgrade 1521, Mohács 1526, Vienna 1529, Buda 1541) and Results", The Battle for Central Europe, Brill, pp. 263–275, doi:10.1163/9789004396234_013, ISBN 978-90-04-39623-4, retrieved 2023-12-16
  11. ↑ Ingrao, Charles; Samardžić, Nikola; Pešalj, Jovan, eds. (2011-08-12). The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. Purdue University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt6wq7kw.12. ISBN 978-1-61249-179-0. JSTOR j.ctt6wq7kw.
  12. ↑ "The Ottoman History of Slovakia". The Slovak Spectator. 2010. Retrieved 2023-12-30.
  13. ↑ Ágoston, Gábor (1998). "HABSBURGS AND OTTOMANS: Defense, Military Change and Shifts in Power". Turkish Studies Association Bulletin. 22 (1): 126–141. ISSN 0275-6048. JSTOR 43385414.
  14. ↑ Pirický, Gabriel (2023-03-03), "The Legacy of the Ottoman (Turkish) Age in Slovakia in the 21st Century", Europe’s Islamic Legacy: 1900 to the Present (in Inggeris), Brill, pp. 29–47, ISBN 978-90-04-51072-2, retrieved 2025-09-10
  15. ↑ Benabdeljalil, Ilyas (2022-02-15). "The Habsburgs: A Millennia-Old Dynasty (Part II)". The Collector. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  16. ↑ "Bosnian crisis of 1908". Britannica. Retrieved 2025-09-28.
  17. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama :14
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