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Denominasyen Kristian

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Denominasyen Kristian nya siti raban pengarap ti nyelai dalam pengarap Kristian ti mungkur semua eklisia gerija ti sama bansa, ulih dikelala nengah ulah baka nama, sejarah ti spesifik, gerempung, ketuai, ajar teologi, gaya sembiang enggau, kekadang, siku pemungkal. Iya nya leka jaku ti sekular sereta neutral, lalu suah agi dikena nandaka sebarang gerija Kristian ti udah tegap. Bebida enggau kultus, denominasyen selalu iya dipeda nyadi sebagi ari arus pengarap Kristian. Mayuh denominasyen Kristian ngumbai diri gerija, lalu sekeda ke baru agi suah agi besilih ngena leka jaku gerija, gempuru, gerempung, enggau ti bukai Bagi entara siti raban enggau raban bukai ditukuka ngena kuasa enggau ajar; isu baka penteba Jesus, kuasa penurun rasul, hermeneutik bup kudus, teologi, eklesiologi, eskatologi, enggau primasi paus tau nyerara siti denominasyen ari denominasyen bukai. Raban denominasyen suah bekunsika pengarap, pengawa, enggau kaul sejarah ti sebaka-kekadang dikelala enggau nama "pampang pengarap Kristian". Pampang tu bebida dalam mayuh bengkah pekara, kelebih agi nengah bida pengawa enggau pengarap.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Denominasyen besiti-siti mayuh macham ba tikas sida ngelala pangan diri. Sekeda raban madahka sida nyadi penganti terus sereta tunggal ti tulin ari gerija ti udah ditumbuhka Jesus Kristus dalam kurun ke-1 AD. Tang bisi mega orang ti pechayaka denominasionalisme, ke alai sekeda tauka semua raban Kristian nya gerija ke sah ke sama pengarap enda ngira label, pengarap, enggau pengawa ke nyelaika sida. Ketegal konsep tu, sekeda raban Kristian nulak leka jaku "denominasyen" dikena nerangka diri, nyeliahka diri ari ti mai reti sebaka enggau gerija tauka denominasyen bukai.

Gerija Katolik, ti ngembuan lebih 1.3 billion kaban tauka 50.1% ari semua orang Kristian di serata dunya,[8][9] enda ngumbai diri nyadi denominasyen, tang nyadi Gerija asal pra-denominasyen.[10] Penyampau penyampau tubuh orang Protestan udah manggai urung 1.047 billion ba taun 2024, lalu nyadika urung 39.8% ari semua orang Kristian.[8][11] Orang Protestan ba abad ke-16 beserara ari Gerija Katolik ketegal Reformasyen, iya nya pengawa ti ngelaban ajar enggau pengawa ti diperatika raban Reformator ke ngelanggar Bup Kudus.[12][13][14] Begulai, pengarap Katolik enggau Protestan (enggau tradisyen besai nyengkaum denominsayen Adventisme, Anabaptisme, Anglika, Baptis, Lutheran, Metodis, Moravia, Pentakostal, Menyadi Plymouth, Quakerisme, Kalvinis, enggau Waldensis) disengkaum dalam raban Kristian Barat.[15][16] Denominasyen Kristian Barat bisi ba Afrika Sub-Sahara, Eropah (enda nyengkaum Eropah Timur), Amerika Utara, Oseania enggau Amerika Selatan.[17]

Gerija Ortodoks Timur, enggau dipelabaka 230 juta iku orang ke nyadi kaban gerija tu,[18][11] nyadi gerempung Kristian kedua pemadu besai di dunya lalu mega ngumbai diri Gerija asal pra-denominasyen. Orang Kristian Ortodoks, 80% ari sida nya Ortodoks Timur enggau 20% Ortodoks Oriental, nyadi urung 11.9% ari penyampau tubuh orang Kristian ba serata dunya.[18] Gerija Ortodoks Timur nya empu nyadika komuni gerija autocephalous (tauka "bidang kuasa") ti bibas penuh ke ngelala pangan. Pia mega, Gerija Katolik nyadi komuni gerija sui iuris, nyengkaum 23 bengkah gerija Timur. Gerija Ortodoks Timur, 23 Gerija Katolik Timur, komuni Ortodoks Timur, Gerija Asiria Timur, Gerija Kuno Timur, enggau Gerija Lutheran Timur nyadi pengarap Kristian Timur. Bisi sekeda orang Kristian Protestan Timur ti udah ngemeranka teologi Protestan tang bisi kaul budaya enggau sejarah enggau orang Kristian Timur bukai. Denominasyen Kristian Timur tebal diarika ba Eropah Timur, Asia Utara, Timur Tengah, Afrika Timur Laut, enggau India.

Orang Kristian bisi mayuh macham ajar pasal Gerija (tubuh orang ti arap ti dipechaya sida ditumbuhka Jesus Kristus) enggau pasal baka ni gerija setipak enggau denominasyen Kristian. Denominasyen Katolik, Ortodoks Timur, Ortodoks Timur, Gerija Timur enggau Lutheran, tiap iku bepenemu semina gerempung spesifik sida empu aja ti tetap ati ngarika siti Gerija katolik enggau apostolik ti kudus, lalu enda nyengkaum semua gerempung bukai. Sekeda tradisyen denominasi ngajar sida ditumbuhka ari petara dikena ngerembaika sekeda ajar tauka peneleba rohani, ambika chunto pengawa Petara ngangkatka Metodis dikena ngerembaika kesemua pengudus (“berekat kedua”),[19] tauka pengawa ngelancharka Pentakostalisme dikena meri pengering ti nyelai ngagai mensia.[20]

Restorationisme pansut pengudah Pengangkat Besai Kedua lalu begulai ngesahka pengarap ba Penyarut Besai, lalu enggau nya ngelakuka pengarap dalam mulaika utai ti dipeda sida nyadi pengarap Kristian primitif.[21] Iya nyengkaum Mormon, Irvingian, Christadelphia, Swedenborgian, Saksi-Saksi Jehovah, enggau ke bukai, taja pan pengarap entara pengarap tu jauh bebida.[22][23][24]

Ari sukut rama, kaban ari bemacham dominasyen ngalala pangan diri nyadi orang Kristian, ke alai sida sama ngelala baptisa sereta sepenemu pasal Jesus Kristus nya petara sida pia mega doktrin dosa enggau penyelamat, taja pan penanggul doktrin enggau eklesiologi nekul komuni penuh entara gerija. Kenyau ari reformasyen ti ngelingi Kaunsil Vatikan Kedua taun 1962–1965, Gerija Katolik udah ngumbai gerija Protestan nyadi komuniti ecclesial, seraya nyimpan leka jaku "gerija" ungkup gerija apostolik, nyengkaum Gerija Ortodoks Timur enggau Oriental, sereta mega Gerija Kuno Timur Asiria. Tang sekeda orang Kristian ti ukai denominasi enda nitihka sebarang pampang,[25] taja sida kekadang dikumbai Protestan.[26][27][28][29]

Terminologi

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Tiap bengkah raban ngena terminologi ti bebida kena berandauka pasal pengarap sida. Bagi tu deka berandauka definisyen beberapa iti leka jaku ti dikena sepemanjai artikel tu, sebedau berandauka pengarap nya empu enggau silik ba bagi-bagi ke nangkanka nya.

Denominasyen dalam pengarap Kristian tau ditukuka nyadi "pampang autonomi Gerija Kristian ti diaku"; sinonim besai nyengkaum "raban pengarap, sekte, Gerija," enggau ke bukai[30] Leka jaku "Gerija" ke nyadi sinonim, nunjukka "organisasyen Kristian ti spesifik enggau paderi, begunan, enggau ajar ti nyelai"; leka jaku "gerija" mega tau ditukuka enggau lebih besai agi nyadi semua tubuh orang Kristian, iya nya "Gerija Kristian".

Sekeda raban Protestan tradisional enggau evangelikal ngaga bida entara nyadi kaban dalam gerija universal enggau begulai dalam gerija setempat. Nyadi orang ti pechaya ngagai Kristus ngasuh orang nyadi kaban gerija universal; siku udah nya tau enggau gerempung orang ti pechaya ba endur nya bukai.[31] Sekeda raban evangelikal nerangka diri nyadi gerempung entara denominasyen, beduruk enggau gerija setempat dikena ngenegapka pengawa evangelikal, selalu iya nagit raban keterubah ti bisi begunaka bantu spesyel, baka nembiak tauka raban bansa.[32] Konsep ti bekaul iya nya denominasionalisme, pengarap ti madahka sekeda tauka semua raban Kristian nya gerija ti sah ti sama pengarap enda ngira label, pengarap, enggau pengawa ti midaka sida.[33] (Kelimpah ari nya, "denominasionalisme" mega tau nujuka "pemerat bida denominasyen nyentukka nyadi eksklusif sempit", sebaka enggau sektarianisme.)[34]

Penemu bala tuai pengarap Protestan jauh bebida enggau penemu bala tuai Gerija Katolik enggau Gerija Ortodoks Timur, iya nya dua iti denominasyen Kristian ke pemadu besai. Tiap-tiap bengkah gerija ngaga jaku ti saling eksklusif ke diri empu nyadika penerus terus gerija ti ditumbuhka Jesus Kristus, ke alai denominasyen bukai udah nya bepechah ari sida.[10] Gerija-gereja tu, enggau sekeda gerija bukai, nulak denominasionalisme. Ungkup tuju pansik akademik pasal pengarap, ruang bilik terubah pengarap Kristian dikategorika nyadi denominasyen, iya nya, "raban orang Kristian ti bisi diatur."[35]

Ari sukut sejarah, orang Katolik deka ngelabel kaban sekeda gerija Kristian (mega sekeda pengarap ukai Kristian) ngena nama orang ke numbuhka sida, sekalika nya ke bendar tauka ke dikumbai. Bala pemungkal ti dikumbai baka nya disebut orang ti nyimpang ari jalai pengarap. Tu dikereja taja pan bala ke dilabel enggau chara nya ngumbai diri enggi gerija ti bendar. Tu ngasuh bala Katolik ulih madahka gerija bukai ditumbuhka orang ke numbuhka gerija nya, lalu gerija Katolik ditumbuhka Kristus. Tu dikereja enggau sengaja ngambika ulih "ngasilka gamal pechah-belah dalam pengarap Kristian"[36] – penanggul ti udah nya deka diuji piak Katolik mutarka ngena terma iya empu.

Taja pan orang Katolik enda nerima teori pampang, Pope Benedict XVI enggau Pope John Paul II ngena konsep "dua lempuang" dikena ngait pengarap Katolik enggau Ortodoks Timur.[37]

Pampang besai

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Kristian ba serata dunya nitihka tradisyen maya taun 2024 ari Pengkalan Data Kristian Sedunya[38]
  1. Katolik (48.6%)
  2. Protestan (39.8%)
  3. Orthodoks, nyengkaum komuni Timur enggau Oriental (11.1%)
  4. Ke bukai (0.5%)

Pengarap Kristian ulih dibagi ngagai enam raban besai: Gerija Timur, Ortodoks Timur, Ortodoks Timur, Katolik, Protestan, enggau Restorasyenisme.[21][39] Protestan nyengkaum mayuh raban ti nadai bekunsi sebarang atur eklisia sereta ngembuan pengarap enggau pengawa ti jauh bebida.[15] Pampang Protestan ke besai nyengkaum Advent, Anabaptis, Anglika, Baptis, Lutheran, Metodis, Moravia, Quakerisme, Pentakosta, Menyadi Plymouth, Reformed, enggau Waldens.[15][16] Pengarap Kristian Reformed nyengkaum tradisyen Reformasyen Benua, Presbiterian, Anglika Evangelikal, Kongregasionalis, enggau Baptis Reformed.[40] Pengarap Kristian Anabaptist empu nyengkaum tradisyen Amish, Rasul, Bruderhof, Hutter, Mennonite, Menyadi Sungai, enggau Menyadi Schwarzenau.[41]

Dalam pampang pengarap Kristian Restorasyenis, denominasyen nyengkaum Irvingian, Swedenborgian, Kristadelphia, Orang Kudus Hari Pengudah, Saksi-Saksi Jehovah, La Luz del Mundo, enggau Iglesia ni Cristo.[42][23][24]

Bisi sekeda engkebut ti dikumbai Gerija keterubah nyadi bala ke udah nyimpang ari jalai pengarap ti udah nadai diatu lalu enda disebut enggau chara rama nyadi denominasyen: chunto iya nyengkaum Gnostik (ti udah pechaya dualisme esoterik ti dikumbai gnosis), Ebionites (ti nyangkal penteba petara Jesus), enggau Arian (ti pechayaka Jesus nyadi mensia ke digaga), Bogomilisme enggau Gerija Bosnia. Tang, penyarut ke pemadu besai ba pengarap Kristian kemaya hari tu iya nya entara Ortodoks Timur enggau Oriental, Katolik, sereta mayuh macham denominasyen ke ditumbuhka maya enggau pengudah Reformasyen Protestan.[43][44][45] Bisi mega sekeda raban ke ukai Triniti.

Denominasionlisme

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Denominasionalisme nya pengarap ti madahka sekeda tauka semua raban Kristian nya gerija ti sah ti sama pengarap enda ngira label, pengarap enggau pengawa ti midaka sida. Penemu tu keterubah iya dipansutka raban Bibas dalam engkebut Puritan. Sida madahka, bida entara orang Kristian enda ulih diseliahka, tang pengawa beserara ketegal bida tu ukai tentu nyadi skisme. Orang Kristian patut ngemeranka pengarap sida ari ke mengkang dalam gerija ke enda setuju enggau sida, tang sida mega patut ngaku penemu sida ke enda sempurna lalu enda ngutuk orang Kristian bukai nyadi orang ke nyimpang ari pengarap ketegal utai ke enda beguna.[46]

Sekeda orang Kristian ngumbai denominasionalisme nya utai ti patut dikesalka. Kena ari taun 2011, penyarut nyau majak mimit, lalu udah bisi kerejasama entara denominasyen ke majak nambah, ti dikelala enggau nama ekumenisme. Mayuh denominasyen ngambi bagi dalam Kaunsil Gerija Sedunya.[47]

Penyanding

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  1. ↑ Ellwood, Robert S. (2008). The Encyclopedia of World Religions (in Inggeris). Infobase Publishing. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-4381-1038-7.
  2. ↑ Press, Altamira; Swatos, William H. (1998). Encyclopedia of Religion and Society (in Inggeris). Rowman Altamira. pp. 134–136. ISBN 978-0-7619-8956-1.
  3. ↑ Becchio, Bruno; Schadé, Johannes P. (2006). Encyclopedia of World Religions (in Inggeris). Foreign Media Group. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-60136-000-7.
  4. ↑ Richey, Russell E. (2013). Denominationalism Illustrated and Explained (in Inggeris). Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 1–9. ISBN 978-1-61097-297-0.
  5. ↑ Publishing, Rose (2013). Denominations Comparison (in Inggeris). Rose Publishing Inc. ISBN 978-1-59636-539-1.
  6. ↑ Rhodes, Ron (2015). The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences (in Inggeris). Harvest House Publishers. pp. 13–22. ISBN 978-0-7369-5292-7.
  7. ↑ Wootten, Pat (2002). "Divisions and denominations". Christianity (in Inggeris). Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-33634-9.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Pewforum: Christianity (2010)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  9. ↑ "Pubblicazione dell'Annuario Pontificio e dell'Annuario Statistico della Chiesa, 25.03.2020" [Publication of the Pontifical Yearbook and the Statistical Yearbook of the Church, 25.03.2020] (in Itali). Holy See Press Office. 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Olson, Roger E. (1999). The story of Christian theology : twenty centuries of tradition & reform. Internet Archive. Downers Grove, Ill. : InterVarsity Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-8308-1505-0.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Status of Global Christianity, 2019, in the Context of 1900–2050" (PDF). Center for Study of Global Christianity. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  12. ↑ Harvard Divinity School, The Religious Literacy Project. "The Protestant Movement". rlp.hds.harvard.edu (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on 2020-07-28. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  13. ↑ "What Is Protestantism & Why Is it Important?". Christianity.com (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  14. ↑ "The Reformation". HISTORY (in Inggeris). 11 April 2019. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Encyclopedia of World Religions (in Inggeris). Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. ISBN 978-1-59339-491-2. Amid all this diversity, however, it is possible to define Protestantism formally as non-Roman Western Christianity and to divide most of Protestantism into four major confessions or confessional families – Lutheran, Anglican, Reformed, and Free Church.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Melton, J. Gordon (2005). Encyclopedia of Protestantism (in Inggeris). Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8160-6983-5. Most narrowly, it denotes a movement that began within the Roman Catholic Church in Europe in the 16th century and the churches that come directly out of it. In this narrow sense, Protestantism would include the Lutheran, Reformed or Presbyterian, and Anglican (Church of England) churches, and by extension the churches of the British Puritan movement, which sought to bring the Church of England into the Reformed/Presbyterian camp. Most recently, scholars have argued quite effectively that the churches of the radical phase of the 16th-century Reformation, the Anabaptist and Mennonite groups, also belong within this more narrow usage.
  17. ↑ "Western Christianity". www.philtar.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  19. ↑ Davies, Rupert E.; George, A. Raymond; Rupp, Gordon (2017). A History of the Methodist Church in Great Britain, Volume Three (in Inggeris). Wipf & Stock Publishers. p. 225. ISBN 978-1532630507.
  20. ↑ Yongnan, Jeon Ahn (21 May 2019). Interpretation of Tongues and Prophecy in 1 Corinthians 12-14, with a Pentecostal Hermeneutics (in Inggeris). Brill Academic Publishers. p. 9-10. ISBN 978-90-04-39717-0.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Riswold, Caryn D. (1 October 2009). Feminism and Christianity: Questions and Answers in the Third Wave (in English). Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-62189-053-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  22. ↑ "The Restorationist denominations in Christianity" (in English). Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. 2012. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Bloesch, Donald G. (2 December 2005). The Holy Spirit: Works Gifts (in Inggeris). InterVarsity Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-8308-2755-8.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Spinks, Bryan D. (2 March 2017). Reformation and Modern Rituals and Theologies of Baptism: From Luther to Contemporary Practices (in Inggeris). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-90583-1. However, Swedenborg claimed to receive visions and revelations of heavenly things and a 'New Church', and the new church which was founded upon his writings was a Restorationist Church. The three nineteenth-century churches are all examples of Restorationist Churches, which believed they were refounding the Apostolic Church, and preparing for the Second Coming of Christ.
  25. ↑ "Nondenominational & Independent Congregations". Hartford Institute for Religion Research. Hartford Seminary, Hartford Institute for Religion Research. 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-04-23. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  26. ↑ Shellnutt, Kate (20 July 2017). "The Rise of the Nons: Protestants Keep Ditching Denominations". News & Reporting (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on 2020-05-20. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  27. ↑ "What Are Non-Denominational Churches? Meaning & Examples". Christianity.com (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  28. ↑ says, An Ethnographical Study of Saint Francis United Methodist Church-NCSU Studies in Religion (8 August 2017). "What Does the Growth of Nondenominationalism Mean?". Facts & Trends (in Inggeris AS). Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  29. ↑ "Gallup: Non-denominational Protestants on the rise". Baptist Press (in Inggeris). 21 July 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  30. ↑ "Denomination". Oxford Dictionaries: English. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  31. ↑ Gilbert, T. B. "Church Membership and Church Fellowship. Is there a difference?". Archived from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  32. ↑ Hill, Alec (1 July 2003). "Church". Intervarsity Christian Fellowship. Archived from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  33. ↑ Jackson, Wayne. "Denominationalism – Permissible or Reprehensible?". Christian Courier. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  34. ↑ "Denominationalism". Merriam Webster Dictionary. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  35. ↑ Ballantine, Jeanne H.; Roberts, Keith A. (17 November 2008). Our Social World: Introduction to Sociology (in Inggeris). Pine Forge Press. p. 400. ISBN 978-1-4129-6818-8.
  36. ↑ Buell, Denise Kimber (1999-04-04). Making Christians: Clement of Alexandria and the Rhetoric of Legitimacy (in Inggeris). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05980-8.
  37. ↑ Modern culture runs risk of amnesia Archived 2019-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, from a speech given May 20th, 2010
  38. ↑ "Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050" (PDF). Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  39. ↑ Gao, Ronnie Chuang-Rang; Sawatsky, Kevin (7 February 2023). "Motivations in Faith-Based Organizations" (in English). Houston Christian University. Retrieved 22 November 2023. For example, Christianity comprises six major groups: Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism and Restorationism.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Gao and Sawatsky refer to Ellwood, Robert S., The Encyclopedia of World Religions, New York: Infobase Publishing (2008) as their source for this taxonomy.
  40. ↑ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica (in Inggeris). Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1987. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-85229-443-7.
  41. ↑ Brewer, Brian C. (30 December 2021). T&T Clark Handbook of Anabaptism (in Inggeris). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 564. ISBN 978-0-567-68950-4.
  42. ↑ Lewis, Paul W.; Mittelstadt, Martin William (27 April 2016). What's So Liberal about the Liberal Arts?: Integrated Approaches to Christian Formation (in Inggeris). Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4982-3145-9. The Second Great Awakening (1790-1840) spurred a renewed interest in primitive Christianity. What is known as the Restoration Movement of the nineteenth century gave birth to an array of groups: Mormons (The Latter Day Saint Movement), the Churches of Christ, Adventists, and Jehovah's Witnesses. Though these groups demonstrate a breathtaking diversity on the continuum of Christianity they share an intense restorationist impulse. Picasso and Stravinsky reflect a primitivism that came to the fore around the turn of the twentieth century that more broadly has been characterized as a "retreat from the industrialized world."
  43. ↑ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "The main differences between Catholics and Protestants | DW | 21.04.2019". DW.COM (in Inggeris British). Archived from the original on 2020-05-23. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  44. ↑ Bunderson, Carl (30 June 2016). "What Are the Differences Between Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Anyway?". National Catholic Register. Archived from the original on 2020-07-28. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  45. ↑ "Beyond Dialogue: The Quest for Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Unity Today | St Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary". www.svots.edu. Archived from the original on 2018-11-14. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  46. ↑ Guenther, Bruce. "Life in a Muddy World: Reflections on Denominationalism". Fresno Pacific Biblical Seminary; first published in Fall/Winter 2008 edition of In Touch Magazine. For reprint permission contact the Director of Public Relations at 1-800-251-6227. Archived from the original on 10 March 2015.
  47. ↑ "What is the World Council of Churches? – World Council of Churches". www.oikoumene.org (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2020.

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