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Betlehem

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Bethlehem
بَيْت لَحَم
Skyline of Bethlehem
Skyline of Bethlehem
Church of the Nativity
Church of the Nativity
Chapel of the Milk Grotto
Chapel of the Milk Grotto
Church of St. Catherine
Gerija St. Catherine
Mosque of Omar in Manger Square
Masjid Omar in Manger Square
Official logo of Bethlehem
Municipal Seal (PNA)
MenuaPalestin
GovernorateBetlehem
Ditumbuhka1400 BCE (est.)
Perintah
 • BansaArea A City (from 1995) Palestinian enclaves
 • Head of MunicipalityAnton Salman[1]
Pemesai
 • NengeriTemplat:Infobox settlement/dunam
Penyampau mensia
 (Templat:Palestine populations)Templat:Palestine populations
 • MengeriTemplat:Palestine populations
 • Metro
97,559
Demonym(s)Bethlehemi
Bethlehemite[2]
Zon Jam
EtymologyRumah Ruti (Hebrew, Aram); Rumah Dagin (Jaku Arab)
Laman webwww.bethlehem-city.org

Betlehem[lower-alpha 1] iya nya sebuah nengeri ba Tebing Barat, Palestin, ke bepalan kira-kira sepuluh kilometer (enam batu) selatan Jerusalem, sereta indu nengeri Kandang Gabenor Betlehem. Iya ngembuan penyampau tubuh 28,591 iku, naka taun 2017. Ekonomi mengeri tu bisi kaul ke tegap enggau dagang temuai kelebih agi maya timpuh Krismas, lebuh orang Kristian berengkah ngusung ngagai Gerija Pengada, ke dipebasa nyadi palan pengada Jesus.[5][6]

Siti utai ti engka keterubah iya disebut pasal Betlehem bisi dalam surat Amarna ari menua Ejip kelia, ti ditulis dalam taun 1350–1330 SM, taja pan bacha nya enda tentu. Dalam Bup Kudus Hebrew, timpuh orang Israel digambarka; iya ngelala Betlehem nyadi endur pengada David.[7] Dalam Sempekat Baru, nengeri tu dikelala nyadi endur pengada Jesus ari Nasaret. Di baruh Empayar Rom, nengeri Betlehem dirusak Hadrian, tang udah nya digaga baru ulih Konstantin ti Besai, ke ngasuh Gerija Pengada Jesus digaga ba taun 327 M. Dalam taun 529, Gerija Pengada balat dirusak orang Samaria ti bisi kaul enggau pengawa ngelaban orang Samaria; berindik ari pemenang Empayar Bizantium, iya digaga baru ulih Justinian I.

Udah nya, maya perintah sekeda Khalifah, Betlehem nyadi sebagi ari Jund Filastin dalam taun 637. Orang Islam terus merintah mengeri nya nyentuk ngagai taun 1099, lebuh nengeri nya dipegai Soldadu Regang, ke nganti paderi Kristian Ortodoks Gerika ba endur nya enggau paderi Katolik. Ba tengan abad ke-13, dinding kuta Betlehem direrak Kesultanan Mamluk. Taja pia, dinding nya digaga baru Empayar Ottoman ba abad ke-16 lebuh iya deka nguasa pelilih menua nya.[8] Pengudah Empayar Ottoman direrak ba pengujung Perang Dunya I, Betlehem nyadi sebagi ari Menua Palestin Bemandat nyentuk taun 1948, lalu udah nya nyadi Tebing Barat ke dipegai Jordan berindik ari Perang Arab–Israel 1948. Maya Perang Enam Hari taun 1967, Betlehem dipegai Israel begulai enggau menua Tebing Barat ke bukai. Kenyau ari Sempekat Oslo entara Israel enggau Piak Bekuasa Nasional Palestin, Betlehem udah dichiri nyadi sebagi ari Kandang Endur A Tebing Barat, lalu enggau baruh nama iya dikuasa Palestin,[8] tang iya mengkang dipegai Israel. Pemindah ngelingi mengeri nya bisi sekat ketegal empang Tebing Barat Israel.

Ari sukut sejarah, iya nyadi sebuah mengeri orang Arab Kristian, ke mungkur urung 86% ari penyampau tubuh dalam taun 1950, tang komuniti tu udah jauh kurang ngagai 10% naka taun 2022, lalu diatu ngembuan majoriti orang Arab Islam.[9]

Nota

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  1. ↑ /ˈbɛθlɪhɛm/ ⓘ; Arab: بيت لحم, Bayt Laḥm, pronunciationⓘ; Hebrew: בֵּית לֶחֶם Bēṯ Leḥem

Kereban sanding

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  1. ↑ "Members of the Municipal Council". Bethlehem municipality. Archived from the original on October 20, 2018. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
  2. ↑ "Definition of BETHLEHEMITE". www.merriam-webster.com (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2025-07-26.
  3. ↑ "58 Beit Lehem Stock Photos, High-Res Pictures, and Images". Getty Images. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  4. ↑ "Bethlehem". JIFF. Archived from the original on 2015-04-13.
  5. ↑ Kaufman, David; Katz, Marisa S. (April 16, 2006). "In the West Bank, Politics and Tourism Remain Bound Together Inextricably – New York Times". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  6. ↑ "Places to Visit In & Around Bethlehem". Bethlehem Hotel. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
  7. ↑ 2 Chronicles 11:5–6 (Note: Though v. 6 is frequently translated to say simply that Rehoboam built the city, the Hebrew phrase in v. 5, just prior, וַיִּ֧בֶן עָרִ֛ים לְמָצ֖וֹר wayyiḇen ‘ārîm lemāṣôr means "(and) he built cities into fortresses". Verse 5 is cited by at least one prominent Hebrew lexicon in illustration of this fact. See Koehler, L., Baumgartner, W., Richardson, M. E. J., & Stamm, J. J., The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (electronic edition; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994–2000), entry for the pertinent root בנה bnh, p. 139. Def. 3 reads as follows: "—3. with לְ to develop buildings: עָרִים לְמָצוֹר cities into fortresses 2C[hronicles] 11:5".)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "History and Mithology of Bethlehem". Bethlehem Municipality. Archived from the original on January 13, 2008. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  9. ↑ Swan, Melanie (2024-08-02). "In Bethlehem, the Christian population is shrinking and afraid". The Times (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2024-08-02.
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