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Bansa Manda

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Bansa Manda
ࡌࡀࡍࡃࡀࡉࡉࡀ‎
الصابئة المندائيون
Bansa Manda besembiang, Iran
Penyampau
c. 60,000–200,000[1][2][3][4]
Kandang menua enggau populasyen signifikan
 Sweden10,000–20,000[5][6]
 Australia8,000–10,000[7][8][9]
 Amerika Serikat5,000–7,000[10][11][12][13][14]
 Irak3,000[lower-alpha 1]–6,000[15][14]
 Belanda4,000[3]
 Iran2,500 (2015)[16][14]
 United Kingdom2,500[3]
 Jereman2,200–3,000[17][6]
 Jordan1,400–2,500[18][19]
 Siria1,000 (2015)[20][14]
 Kanada1,000[21]
 New Zealand1,000[6]
 Denmark650–1,200[22][14]
 Finland100 families[23]
 Peranchis500[24]
Religions
Pengarap Manda
Scriptures
Ginza Rabba, Qulasta, Bup John Manda, Haran Gawaita, etc. (see more)
Languages
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Bansa Manda (Manda: ࡌࡀࡍࡃࡀࡉࡉࡀ) (Arab: المندائيون al-Mandāʾiyyūn), dikelala mega enggau nama Sabi Manda (الصابئة المندائيون al-Ṣābiʾa al-Mandāʾiyyūn) tauka Sabi (الصابئة al-Ṣābiʾa),[lower-alpha 2] nya raban etnopengarap ke nitih pengarap Manda. Sida arapka John Pemaptisa nya nabi ti kepenudi sereta pemadu penting.

Sida engka entara raban pengarap ti pemadu tumu ngereja pengawa baptisa, pia mega entara orang ke pemadu tumu nitihka Gnostikisme, siti sistem pengarap ke alai sida nyadi pengari ke penudi ke agi idup.[25][26]: 109  Jaku tangkai mengandai bansa Manda iya nya Manda, siti jaku Aram Timur, sebedau sida beubah ngena jaku Arab Mesopotamia tauka Persia nyadi jaku keterubah sida.

Pengudah serang Amerika Serikat ngagai Irak sereta bakih iya ba taun 2003, komuniti Manda di Irak, ti sebedau perang nya bisi 60,000–70,000 iku, runtuh enggau tebal agi komuniti mindah ngagai Iran, Siria enggau Jordan, tauka numbuhka komuniti diaspora ngelui Timur Tengah.

Komuniti Manda Iran ke agi tinggal mega majak kurang ketegal pemerinsa ketegal pengarap kenyau ari bepuluh taun ke udah. Enda baka pengarap minoriti bukai baka orang Kristian, orang Judah enggau Zoroastrian, orang Manda nadai pengelindung ari pemerinsa, sebaka enggau orang Baháʼí di Iran.[16][27][28] Datai ba taun 2007, penyampau tubuh orang Manda di Irak udah nurun ngagai urung 5,000 iku.[29] There are estimated to be 60,000–100,000 Mandaeans worldwide.[12] Urung 10,000 orang Manda diau ba Australia lalu entara 10,000 ngagai 20,000 di Sweden, ngasuh sida nyadi menua ti pemadu mayuh orang Manda.[6][8] Bisi urung 2,500 iku orang Manda di Jordan, komuniti Manda ke pemadu besai di Timur Tengah luar ari Irak enggau Iran.[19]

Nota

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  1. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama fn1
  2. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama fn2

Kereban sanding

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  1. ↑ Bell, Matthew (6 October 2016). "These Iraqi immigrants revere John the Baptist, but they're not Christians". The World. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Thaler 2007.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "The Mandaeans – Who are the Mandaeans?". The Worlds of Mandaean Priests. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  4. ↑ "A-r3944 (ACC-IRQ-3944)". August 16, 2004.
  5. ↑ Larsson, Göran; Sorgenfrei, Simon; Stockman, Max (2017). "Religiösa minoriteter från Mellanöstern" (PDF). Myndigheten för stöd till trossamfund. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Hanish, Shak (2019). The Mandaeans In Iraq. In Rowe, Paul S. (2019). Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East. London and New York: Routledge. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-317-23379-4.
  7. ↑ "The strength within: The role of refugee community organisations in settlement-Case study: Sabean Mandean Association". Refugee Council of Australia. 26 January 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hegarty, Siobhan (21 July 2017). "Meet the Mandaeans: Australian followers of John the Baptist celebrate new year". ABC. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  9. ↑ Hinchey, Rebecca. "Mandaens, a unique culture" (PDF). NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  10. ↑ MacQuarrie, Brian (13 August 2016). "Embraced by Worcester, Iraq's persecuted Mandaean refugees now seek 'anchor'—their own temple". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  11. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama office
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Sly, Liz (16 November 2008). "'This is one of the world's oldest religions, and it is going to die.'". Chicago Tribune (in Inggeris AS). Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  13. ↑ Busch, Matthew; Ross, Robyn (18 February 2020). "Against The Current". Texas Observer. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Farhan, Salam; al Roomi, Layla; Nashi, Suhaib (October 2015). "Submission on behalf of the Mandaean Human Rights Group to the Human Rights Committee's Periodic Review of Iraq in October 2015" (PDF). OHCHR. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  15. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Salloum
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Contrera, Russell. "Saving the people, killing the faith – Holland, MI". The Holland Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
  17. ↑ Verschiedene Gemeinschaften / neuere religiöse Bewegungen, in: Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst|Religionswissenschaftliche Medien- und Informationsdienst e. V. (Abbreviation: REMID), Retrieved 9 October 2016
  18. ↑ Castelier, Sebastian; Dzuilka, Margaux (9 June 2018). "Jordan's Mandaean minority fear returning to post-ISIS Iraq". The National. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Ersan, Mohammad (2 February 2018). "Are Iraqi Mandaeans better off in Jordan?". Al-Monitor (in Inggeris). Retrieved 2021-08-13.
  20. ↑ Sido, Kamal (7 October 2010). "Leader of the world's Mandaeans asks for help". Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  21. ↑ Fraser, Tim (31 July 2015). "Canadians working to rescue Mandaean people on brink of extinction in Iraq". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  22. ↑ Schou, Kim; Højland, Marie-Louise (6 May 2013). "Hvem er mandæerne?". Religion.dk(Danish). Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  23. ↑ Koskinen, Paula (14 July 2014). "Mandealaiset saivat joukkokasteen Pyhäjärvessä". Yle. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  24. ↑ "Religion: la Touraine, refuge des Sabéens-Mandéens". la Nouvelle Republique. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  25. ↑ McGrath, James (23 January 2015), "The First Baptists, The Last Gnostics: The Mandaeans", YouTube-A lunchtime talk about the Mandaeans by Dr. James F. McGrath at Butler University, retrieved 3 November 2021
  26. ↑ Penyalat nyebut: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama BuckleyOrigin
  27. ↑ "Smena yur adresa – Pereregistratsiya yuridicheskogo adresa" Смена юр адреса – Перерегистрация юридического адреса [Change of legal address – Re-registration of legal address]. Human Rights (in Rusia). Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  28. ↑ al Sheati, Ahmed (6 December 2011). "Iran Mandaeans in exile following persecution". Al Arabiya. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  29. ↑ Deutsch 2007.
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